{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3046284832","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3391203.3391227","title":"Gaze-Based Self-Confidence Estimation on Multiple-Choice Questions and Its Feedback","display_name":"Gaze-Based Self-Confidence Estimation on Multiple-Choice Questions and Its Feedback","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3046284832","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3391203.3391227","mag":"3046284832"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3391203.3391227","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3391203.3391227","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 Symposium on Emerging Research from Asia and on Asian Contexts and Cultures","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056876034","display_name":"Shoya Ishimaru","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5374-1510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shoya Ishimaru","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018167502","display_name":"Takanori Maruichi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15807432","display_name":"Osaka Prefecture University","ror":"https://ror.org/02cf1je33","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15807432"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takanori Maruichi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Osaka Prefecture University Osaka, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osaka Prefecture University Osaka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15807432"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000232184","display_name":"Koichi Kise","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5779-6968"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15807432","display_name":"Osaka Prefecture University","ror":"https://ror.org/02cf1je33","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15807432"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koichi Kise","raw_affiliation_strings":["Osaka Prefecture University Osaka, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osaka Prefecture University Osaka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15807432"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101904182","display_name":"Andreas Dengel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6100-8255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Dengel","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056876034"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1474,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46725596,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"8","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.7017391920089722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6504470705986023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subject","display_name":"Subject (documents)","score":0.6218100786209106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-confidence","display_name":"Self-confidence","score":0.6160688996315002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension","display_name":"Comprehension","score":0.6076890826225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-confidence","display_name":"Low Confidence","score":0.5047858953475952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5040861368179321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidence-interval","display_name":"Confidence interval","score":0.4831952154636383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4272434115409851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.3385325074195862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3316746652126312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.30094558000564575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.20136165618896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.1530587375164032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14136716723442078}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.7017391920089722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6504470705986023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.6218100786209106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48444904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116378","display_name":"Self-confidence","level":2,"score":0.6160688996315002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.6076890826225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909755999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4751126","display_name":"Low Confidence","level":2,"score":0.5047858953475952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5040861368179321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.4831952154636383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4272434115409851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3385325074195862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3316746652126312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.30094558000564575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.20136165618896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.1530587375164032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14136716723442078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3391203.3391227","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3391203.3391227","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 Symposium on Emerging Research from Asia and on Asian Contexts and Cultures","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2385290026","https://openalex.org/W2388160358","https://openalex.org/W2272383505","https://openalex.org/W3127089130","https://openalex.org/W2593264389","https://openalex.org/W2887409792","https://openalex.org/W2460072117","https://openalex.org/W2360820848","https://openalex.org/W2925622754","https://openalex.org/W3165150419"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Self-confidence":[0],"-":[1,10],"an":[2],"assurance":[3],"of":[4,13,86],"one's":[5],"personal":[6],"decision":[7],"and":[8,29,60,92,102],"ability":[9],"is":[11,22],"one":[12],"the":[14,31],"most":[15],"important":[16],"factors":[17],"in":[18,74],"learning.":[19],"When":[20],"there":[21],"a":[23,26,34,38,48],"gap":[24],"between":[25],"learner's":[27],"confidence":[28,101],"comprehension,":[30],"learner":[32],"loses":[33],"chance":[35],"to":[36],"review":[37],"learning":[39],"subject":[40],"correctly.":[41],"To":[42],"solve":[43],"this":[44],"problem,":[45],"we":[46],"propose":[47],"system":[49,71],"which":[50,64],"estimates":[51],"self-confidence":[52],"while":[53],"solving":[54],"multiple-choice":[55],"questions":[56,87],"by":[57,90,94],"eye":[58],"tracking":[59],"gives":[61],"feedback":[62,96],"about":[63,97],"question":[65],"should":[66],"be":[67],"reviewed":[68],"carefully.":[69],"The":[70],"was":[72],"evaluated":[73],"our":[75],"experiment":[76],"involving":[77],"20":[78],"participants.":[79],"We":[80],"observed":[81],"that":[82],"correct":[83,98],"answer":[84],"rates":[85],"were":[88],"increased":[89],"14%":[91],"17%":[93],"giving":[95],"answers":[99,104],"without":[100],"incorrect":[103],"with":[105],"confidence,":[106],"respectively.":[107]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
