{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3048481405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3386569.3392416","title":"Holographic optics for thin and lightweight virtual reality","display_name":"Holographic optics for thin and lightweight virtual reality","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3048481405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3386569.3392416","mag":"3048481405"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3386569.3392416","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3386569.3392416","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3386569.3392416","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3386569.3392416","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047921889","display_name":"Andrew Maimone","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252078561","display_name":"Meta (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/02388em19","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561","https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Maimone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook Reality Labs"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook Reality Labs","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050101828","display_name":"Junren Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6612-1671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252078561","display_name":"Meta (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/02388em19","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561","https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junren Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook Reality Labs"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook Reality Labs","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047921889"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.295,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":121,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99084957,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10306","display_name":"Liquid Crystal Research Advancements","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9757999777793884,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/holography","display_name":"Holography","score":0.7975674271583557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/holographic-display","display_name":"Holographic display","score":0.7666991949081421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gamut","display_name":"Gamut","score":0.7352545857429504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6569271683692932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.6366302371025085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.5058993697166443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.46848806738853455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.46557992696762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backlight","display_name":"Backlight","score":0.43168479204177856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","score":0.42382174730300903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3869372010231018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.307741641998291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2248041033744812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-crystal-display","display_name":"Liquid-crystal display","score":0.21291124820709229}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187590223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527628","display_name":"Holography","level":2,"score":0.7975674271583557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7079719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3557228","display_name":"Holographic display","level":3,"score":0.7666991949081421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780061478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375857","display_name":"Gamut","level":2,"score":0.7352545857429504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6569271683692932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.6366302371025085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.5058993697166443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.46848806738853455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.46557992696762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171107226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574291","display_name":"Backlight","level":3,"score":0.43168479204177856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.42382174730300903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3869372010231018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.307741641998291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2248041033744812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128019096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83341","display_name":"Liquid-crystal display","level":2,"score":0.21291124820709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3386569.3392416","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3386569.3392416","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3386569.3392416","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3386569.3392416","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3386569.3392416","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3386569.3392416","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3048481405.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3048481405.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001874327","https://openalex.org/W2035689061","https://openalex.org/W2043548822","https://openalex.org/W2061075044","https://openalex.org/W2061819296","https://openalex.org/W2074319623","https://openalex.org/W2088892249","https://openalex.org/W2126734608","https://openalex.org/W2207655504","https://openalex.org/W2319127632","https://openalex.org/W2614113705","https://openalex.org/W2730043183","https://openalex.org/W2765592774","https://openalex.org/W2803231613","https://openalex.org/W2803375825","https://openalex.org/W2897221030","https://openalex.org/W2903437862","https://openalex.org/W2997285376"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1545749296","https://openalex.org/W1973771778","https://openalex.org/W2029666812","https://openalex.org/W1536476604","https://openalex.org/W3088557836","https://openalex.org/W1980810541","https://openalex.org/W2064341485","https://openalex.org/W282444572","https://openalex.org/W3098733564","https://openalex.org/W4244782073"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,101],"present":[1],"a":[2,73,80,94],"class":[3],"of":[4,55,61,63,110],"display":[5,83],"designs":[6,106],"combining":[7],"holographic":[8,86],"optics,":[9],"directional":[10],"backlighting,":[11],"laser":[12,90],"illumination,":[13],"and":[14,22,36,67,97,114,126],"polarization-based":[15],"optical":[16,47],"folding":[17],"to":[18,92,117,130],"achieve":[19],"thin,":[20,43],"lightweight,":[21],"high":[23],"performance":[24],"near-eye":[25],"displays":[26,52],"for":[27],"virtual":[28],"reality.":[29],"Several":[30],"design":[31],"alternatives":[32],"are":[33,124],"proposed,":[34],"compared,":[35],"experimentally":[37,103],"validated":[38],"as":[39,46],"prototypes.":[40],"Using":[41],"only":[42],"flat":[44],"films":[45],"components,":[48],"we":[49,77,127],"demonstrate":[50,79],"VR":[51,112],"with":[53],"thicknesses":[54],"less":[56],"than":[57],"9":[58],"mm,":[59],"fields":[60],"view":[62],"over":[64],"90\u00b0":[65],"horizontally,":[66],"form":[68,75],"factors":[69],"approaching":[70],"sunglasses.":[71],"In":[72],"benchtop":[74],"factor,":[76],"also":[78],"full":[81,132],"color":[82],"using":[84],"wavelength-multiplexed":[85],"lenses":[87],"that":[88,104],"uses":[89],"illumination":[91],"provide":[93],"large":[95],"gamut":[96],"highly":[98],"saturated":[99],"color.":[100],"show":[102],"our":[105],"support":[107],"resolutions":[108],"expected":[109],"modern":[111],"headsets":[113],"can":[115],"scale":[116],"human":[118],"visual":[119],"acuity":[120],"limits.":[121],"Current":[122],"limitations":[123],"identified,":[125],"discuss":[128],"challenges":[129],"obtain":[131],"practicality.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
