{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3048800544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3386569.3392386","title":"DeepFaceDrawing","display_name":"DeepFaceDrawing","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3048800544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3386569.3392386","mag":"3048800544"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3386569.3392386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3386569.3392386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/publications/deepfacedrawing-deep-generation-of-face-images-from-sketches","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101469754","display_name":"Shuyu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8352-2944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shu-Yu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036719284","display_name":"Wanchao Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7498-3033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanchao Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100629376","display_name":"Lin Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1021-8148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035528139","display_name":"Shihong Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7228-9646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shihong Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100616579","display_name":"Hongbo Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0284-726X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongbo Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.6244,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":142,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98361887,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8310122489929199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6842489838600159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.6665288209915161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sketch","display_name":"Sketch","score":0.6366617679595947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6302687525749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6091395616531372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overfitting","display_name":"Overfitting","score":0.5605942606925964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5435556769371033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.47953057289123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4713130593299866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.46738946437835693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.45799216628074646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.43105411529541016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.4159885346889496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3422767221927643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.29154646396636963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.19260090589523315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.13456442952156067}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8310122489929199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6842489838600159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.6665288209915161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779231336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534724","display_name":"Sketch","level":2,"score":0.6366617679595947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6302687525749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6091395616531372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22019652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331309","display_name":"Overfitting","level":3,"score":0.5605942606925964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5435556769371033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.47953057289123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4713130593299866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.46738946437835693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.45799216628074646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.43105411529541016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.4159885346889496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3422767221927643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.29154646396636963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.19260090589523315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.13456442952156067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3386569.3392386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3386569.3392386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/publications/deepfacedrawing-deep-generation-of-face-images-from-sketches","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/718d52a4-bb09-47bc-b2a3-ef914b2030fb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2031/718d52a4-bb09-47bc-b2a3-ef914b2030fb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055387","display_name":"CityU Scholars","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"CHEN, S-Y, SU, W, GAO, L, XIA, S & FU, H 2020, 'DeepFaceDrawing : Deep Generation of Face Images from Sketches', ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 39, no. 4, 72. https://doi.org/10.1145/3386569.3392386","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-137743","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://lbdiscover.ust.hk/uresolver?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rfr_id=info:sid/HKUST:SPI&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0730-0301&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2020&rft.spage=&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Shu-Yu&rft.atitle=DeepFaceD%3A+Deep+Generation+of+Face+Images+from+Sketchesrawing&rft.title=ACM+Transactions+on+Graphics","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/publications/deepfacedrawing-deep-generation-of-face-images-from-sketches","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/031141b54"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1823734985","https://openalex.org/W2016424919","https://openalex.org/W2018685757","https://openalex.org/W2024196580","https://openalex.org/W2026996548","https://openalex.org/W2027505757","https://openalex.org/W2034136097","https://openalex.org/W2046774790","https://openalex.org/W2053186076","https://openalex.org/W2130933227","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2153288431","https://openalex.org/W2168653519","https://openalex.org/W2237250383","https://openalex.org/W2331128040","https://openalex.org/W2337562199","https://openalex.org/W2473464331","https://openalex.org/W2560481159","https://openalex.org/W2621941845","https://openalex.org/W2742090791","https://openalex.org/W2793886546","https://openalex.org/W2798841107","https://openalex.org/W2912500072","https://openalex.org/W2946220758","https://openalex.org/W2962770929","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2962927829","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2963444790","https://openalex.org/W2963561004","https://openalex.org/W2963800363","https://openalex.org/W2963890275","https://openalex.org/W2964125246","https://openalex.org/W2964337551","https://openalex.org/W2982138396","https://openalex.org/W2985840885","https://openalex.org/W2989505547","https://openalex.org/W4247620880","https://openalex.org/W4300629176"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574414179","https://openalex.org/W4362597605","https://openalex.org/W2905433371","https://openalex.org/W2922073769","https://openalex.org/W4297676672","https://openalex.org/W4390569940","https://openalex.org/W4281702477","https://openalex.org/W4361193272","https://openalex.org/W4310278675","https://openalex.org/W4388422664"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"deep":[1,101],"image-to-image":[2],"translation":[3],"techniques":[4],"allow":[5],"fast":[6],"generation":[7,177],"of":[8,46,73,81,93,166,179,191],"face":[9,48,53,75,94,144],"images":[10,49,115,145],"from":[11,108,147],"freehand":[12],"sketches.":[13,151],"However,":[14],"existing":[15,183],"solutions":[16],"tend":[17],"to":[18,20,40,58,104,113,123,141,156,182],"overfit":[19],"sketches,":[21],"thus":[22,139],"requiring":[23],"professional":[24],"sketches":[25,83,133],"or":[26],"even":[27,146,158],"edge":[28],"maps":[29,119],"as":[30,120,134],"input.":[31],"To":[32],"address":[33],"this":[34,56],"issue,":[35],"our":[36,180,192],"key":[37,74],"idea":[38],"is":[39,138,154],"implicitly":[41],"model":[42],"the":[43,90,106,109,125,175],"shape":[44,167],"space":[45,57],"plausible":[47],"and":[50,77,137,171,184,189],"synthesize":[51],"a":[52,65,197],"image":[54],"in":[55],"approximate":[59],"an":[60],"input":[61,82,132],"sketch.":[62],"We":[63,68,97],"take":[64],"local-to-global":[66],"approach.":[67],"first":[69],"learn":[70,105],"feature":[71,91,118],"embeddings":[72],"components,":[76],"push":[78],"corresponding":[79],"parts":[80],"towards":[84],"underlying":[85],"component":[86,95,111],"manifolds":[87],"defined":[88],"by":[89,196],"vectors":[92],"samples.":[96],"also":[98],"propose":[99],"another":[100],"neural":[102],"network":[103],"mapping":[107],"embedded":[110],"features":[112],"realistic":[114],"with":[116],"multi-channel":[117],"intermediate":[121],"results":[122],"improve":[124],"information":[126],"flow.":[127],"Our":[128,152],"method":[129],"essentially":[130],"uses":[131],"soft":[135],"constraints":[136],"able":[140],"produce":[142],"high-quality":[143],"rough":[148],"and/or":[149],"incomplete":[150],"tool":[153],"easy":[155],"use":[157],"for":[159],"non-artists,":[160],"while":[161],"still":[162],"supporting":[163],"fine-grained":[164],"control":[165],"details.":[168],"Both":[169],"qualitative":[170],"quantitative":[172],"evaluations":[173],"show":[174],"superior":[176],"ability":[178],"system":[181,193],"alternative":[185],"solutions.":[186],"The":[187],"usability":[188],"expressiveness":[190],"are":[194],"confirmed":[195],"user":[198],"study.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-09T07:52:08.696243","created_date":"2020-08-18T00:00:00"}
