{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3083613378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3386263.3407582","title":"Energy-Efficient Machine Learning Accelerator for Binary Neural Networks","display_name":"Energy-Efficient Machine Learning Accelerator for Binary Neural Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3083613378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3386263.3407582","mag":"3083613378"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3386263.3407582","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3386263.3407582","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 on Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062269789","display_name":"Wei Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2527-6778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039273698","display_name":"Zhihua Xiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihua Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042204958","display_name":"Peng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3136-9188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101631672","display_name":"Hongwei Ren","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongwei Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067813480","display_name":"Dingbang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4597-1103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dingbang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090482289","display_name":"Shirui Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4280-0578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shirui Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069123107","display_name":"Fengwei An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7554-7938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengwei An","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034853402","display_name":"Hao Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2674-4118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062269789"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9811,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78506599,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"77","last_page":"82"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.811574399471283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossbar-switch","display_name":"Crossbar switch","score":0.6296614408493042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-specific-integrated-circuit","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","score":0.5754531025886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.5667003393173218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5562654137611389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5095136761665344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-acceleration","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","score":0.48714348673820496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.46912169456481934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4625095725059509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4377134144306183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.42283278703689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.4186312258243561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4118385910987854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.39435356855392456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14597460627555847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08724510669708252}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.811574399471283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29984679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929149","display_name":"Crossbar switch","level":2,"score":0.6296614408493042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77390884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217302","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.5754531025886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.5667003393173218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5562654137611389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5095136761665344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13164978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600158","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","level":3,"score":0.48714348673820496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.46912169456481934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4625095725059509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4377134144306183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.42283278703689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4186312258243561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4118385910987854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.39435356855392456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14597460627555847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08724510669708252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3386263.3407582","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3386263.3407582","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 on Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1902934009","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2233116163","https://openalex.org/W2557703348","https://openalex.org/W2567589630","https://openalex.org/W2578481478","https://openalex.org/W2601251286","https://openalex.org/W2603636614","https://openalex.org/W2608111952","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2899272034","https://openalex.org/W2963114950","https://openalex.org/W3003348917","https://openalex.org/W3009740936","https://openalex.org/W3034297393"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2145932742","https://openalex.org/W2554791727","https://openalex.org/W1874409533","https://openalex.org/W1981395029","https://openalex.org/W2108083791","https://openalex.org/W1485756991","https://openalex.org/W2376218453","https://openalex.org/W2984236338","https://openalex.org/W2518118925","https://openalex.org/W3159273459"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Binary":[0],"neural":[1,23],"network":[2,24],"(BNN)":[3],"has":[4],"shown":[5],"great":[6],"potential":[7],"to":[8,106,134],"be":[9],"implemented":[10],"with":[11,18,29,42,118],"power":[12,141],"efficiency":[13],"and":[14,33,45,59,83,90,101,110,124,142],"high":[15],"throughput.":[16],"Compared":[17],"its":[19,108],"counterpart,":[20],"the":[21,54,60,87,115,119,130,136],"convolutional":[22],"(CNN),":[25],"BNN":[26,55,71,88],"is":[27],"trained":[28],"binary":[30,120],"constrained":[31],"weights":[32],"activations,":[34],"which":[35],"are":[36,122],"more":[37],"suitable":[38],"for":[39,70],"edge":[40],"devices":[41],"less":[43],"computing":[44],"storage":[46],"resource":[47],"requirements.":[48],"In":[49,113],"this":[50],"paper,":[51],"we":[52,65],"introduce":[53],"characteristics,":[56],"basic":[57],"operations":[58],"binarized-network":[61],"optimization":[62],"methods.":[63],"Then":[64],"summarize":[66],"several":[67],"accelerator":[68],"designs":[69],"hardware":[72,91],"implementation":[73],"by":[74,128],"using":[75],"three":[76],"mainstream":[77],"structures,":[78],"i.e.,":[79],"ReRAM-based":[80],"crossbar,":[81],"FPGA":[82],"ASIC.":[84],"Based":[85],"on":[86,126],"characteristics":[89],"custom":[92],"designs,":[93],"all":[94],"these":[95],"methods":[96],"achieve":[97],"massively":[98],"parallelized":[99],"computations":[100],"highly":[102],"pipelined":[103],"data":[104,117],"flow":[105],"enhance":[107],"latency":[109],"throughput":[111],"performance.":[112],"addition,":[114],"intermediate":[116],"format":[121],"stored":[123],"processed":[125],"chip":[127],"constructing":[129],"computing-in-memory":[131],"(CIM)":[132],"architecture":[133],"reduce":[135],"off-chip":[137],"communication":[138],"costs,":[139],"including":[140],"latency.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-28T08:17:26.163206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}