{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3083301274","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3386263.3406917","title":"A Novel In-memory Computing Scheme Based on Toggle Spin Torque MRAM","display_name":"A Novel In-memory Computing Scheme Based on Toggle Spin Torque MRAM","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3083301274","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3386263.3406917","mag":"3083301274"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3386263.3406917","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3386263.3406917","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 on Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015595693","display_name":"Yining Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2269-857X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yining Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100333647","display_name":"Yue Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6893-7199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089676705","display_name":"Jinkai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2577-7575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinkai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021360024","display_name":"Guanda Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4581-879X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanda Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100685386","display_name":"Zhizhong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9430-1258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhizhong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111118479","display_name":"Zhenyi Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4099-8752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyi Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100342286","display_name":"Kun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7215-7953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066473925","display_name":"Weisheng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8088-0404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weisheng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4173,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62247517,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"351","last_page":"356"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10049","display_name":"Magnetic properties of thin films","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10049","display_name":"Magnetic properties of thin films","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetoresistive-random-access-memory","display_name":"Magnetoresistive random-access memory","score":0.8390649557113647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7035604119300842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nand-gate","display_name":"NAND gate","score":0.6198715567588806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adder","display_name":"Adder","score":0.614798367023468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xor-gate","display_name":"XOR gate","score":0.5458292961120605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5072914958000183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.5053263306617737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-gate","display_name":"Logic gate","score":0.4835672080516815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.4819867014884949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4274235665798187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.42499080300331116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.394838809967041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3222982883453369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-access-memory","display_name":"Random access memory","score":0.23889771103858948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18754953145980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.180095374584198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13879451155662537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09940570592880249}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46891859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061546","display_name":"Magnetoresistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.8390649557113647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7035604119300842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124296912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575178","display_name":"NAND gate","level":3,"score":0.6198715567588806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164620267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376953","display_name":"Adder","level":3,"score":0.614798367023468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28495749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155516","display_name":"XOR gate","level":3,"score":0.5458292961120605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5072914958000183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.5053263306617737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131017901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170451","display_name":"Logic gate","level":2,"score":0.4835672080516815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.4819867014884949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4274235665798187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42499080300331116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.394838809967041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3222982883453369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994168587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5295","display_name":"Random access memory","level":2,"score":0.23889771103858948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18754953145980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.180095374584198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13879451155662537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09940570592880249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3386263.3406917","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3386263.3406917","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 on Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974831841","https://openalex.org/W1985330137","https://openalex.org/W2084316737","https://openalex.org/W2118531588","https://openalex.org/W2407339173","https://openalex.org/W2591601611","https://openalex.org/W2593172471","https://openalex.org/W2769168016","https://openalex.org/W2775637085","https://openalex.org/W2788549457","https://openalex.org/W2804640713","https://openalex.org/W2884227506","https://openalex.org/W2889746799","https://openalex.org/W2890584292","https://openalex.org/W2911423181","https://openalex.org/W2941172511","https://openalex.org/W2942267901","https://openalex.org/W2944473316","https://openalex.org/W2966878541","https://openalex.org/W2979430706","https://openalex.org/W2980329378","https://openalex.org/W3016957730","https://openalex.org/W3104353813","https://openalex.org/W4241565364"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2299523701","https://openalex.org/W2559769120","https://openalex.org/W3165307257","https://openalex.org/W2515312339","https://openalex.org/W2145098804","https://openalex.org/W2022195221","https://openalex.org/W4226211266","https://openalex.org/W2991151827","https://openalex.org/W2587139111","https://openalex.org/W2127298806"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,79,83],"novel":[4],"in-memory":[5],"computing":[6,37],"(IMC)":[7],"scheme":[8],"based":[9],"on":[10],"toggle":[11],"spin":[12],"torque":[13],"magnetic":[14],"random":[15],"access":[16],"memory":[17,50],"(TST-MRAM),":[18],"called":[19],"TST-IMC,":[20],"which":[21,86],"makes":[22],"full":[23],"use":[24],"of":[25,35,48,95,116],"the":[26,36,49,93,114,117,141],"unique":[27],"TST":[28],"writing":[29],"mechanism.":[30],"In":[31,153],"this":[32],"scheme,":[33],"all":[34],"results":[38,122],"are":[39],"directly":[40],"written":[41],"in":[42],"bit-cells":[43],"without":[44],"transferring":[45],"data":[46],"out":[47,131],"array.":[51],"Varied":[52],"Boolean":[53],"logic":[54,76,126,144],"operations,":[55],"such":[56],"as,":[57],"NAND,":[58],"NOR":[59],"and":[60,104,159],"XOR,":[61],"can":[62,71,87,128,146],"be":[63,89,129,147],"achieved":[64],"by":[65],"specially":[66],"configuring":[67],"decision":[68,80],"cells.":[69],"We":[70],"also":[72],"implement":[73],"three-input":[74],"majority":[75],"through":[77],"replacing":[78],"cell":[81],"with":[82,164],"datum":[84],"cell,":[85],"further":[88],"used":[90],"to":[91,112],"realize":[92],"carry":[94],"full-adder.":[96],"By":[97],"using":[98],"28":[99],"nm":[100],"CMOS":[101],"technology":[102],"node":[103],"50":[105],"nm-diameter":[106],"TST-MRAM,":[107],"we":[108],"perform":[109],"mixed":[110],"simulations":[111],"validate":[113],"functionality":[115],"proposed":[118],"TST-IMC":[119,155],"scheme.":[120],"Simulation":[121],"show":[123],"that":[124],"XOR":[125],"operation":[127],"carried":[130],"within":[132,150],"4":[133],"ns":[134],"at":[135],"1.8":[136],"V":[137],"supply":[138],"voltage":[139],"while":[140],"other":[142],"basic":[143],"operations":[145],"faster,":[148],"i.e.":[149],"2":[151],"ns.":[152],"addition,":[154],"33%":[156],"less":[157],"time":[158],"44%":[160],"energy":[161],"saved":[162],"comparing":[163],"existing":[165],"IMC":[166],"schemes.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
