{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4243887515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3385678.3385682","title":"Risks to the Public","display_name":"Risks to the Public","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4243887515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3385678.3385682"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3385678.3385682","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3385678.3385682","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186921487","display_name":"ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes","issn_l":"0163-5948","issn":["0163-5948","1943-5843"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015261693","display_name":"Peter G. Neumann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1197-8000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298353152","display_name":"SRI International","ror":"https://ror.org/05s570m15","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099336","display_name":"Menlo School","ror":"https://ror.org/01240pn49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter G. Neumann","raw_affiliation_strings":["SRI International Computer Science Lab, Menlo Park, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRI International Computer Science Lab, Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152","https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015261693"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152","https://openalex.org/I4210099336"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.28043959,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"2","first_page":"7","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.8544999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.8544999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.8343999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10809","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety Research","score":0.7573999762535095,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3614","display_name":"Radiological and Ultrasound Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/runway","display_name":"Runway","score":0.9669595956802368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heading","display_name":"Heading (navigation)","score":0.828398585319519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tangent","display_name":"Tangent","score":0.5027718544006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degree","display_name":"Degree (music)","score":0.5008101463317871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardinal-direction","display_name":"Cardinal direction","score":0.49282267689704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latitude","display_name":"Latitude","score":0.4835090935230255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4473954439163208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38007697463035583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.37430256605148315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.3713741898536682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3428250253200531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aeronautics","display_name":"Aeronautics","score":0.334760844707489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23291704058647156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.22482538223266602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.1872464418411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12107247114181519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.11683082580566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.07287317514419556}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81155309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184590","display_name":"Runway","level":2,"score":0.9669595956802368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776937971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4384217","display_name":"Heading (navigation)","level":2,"score":0.828398585319519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138187205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131251","display_name":"Tangent","level":2,"score":0.5027718544006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775997480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586277","display_name":"Degree (music)","level":2,"score":0.5008101463317871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197902243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23718","display_name":"Cardinal direction","level":2,"score":0.49282267689704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122523270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34027","display_name":"Latitude","level":2,"score":0.4835090935230255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4473954439163208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38007697463035583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.37430256605148315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.3713741898536682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3428250253200531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.334760844707489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23291704058647156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.22482538223266602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.1872464418411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12107247114181519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.11683082580566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.07287317514419556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3385678.3385682","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3385678.3385682","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186921487","display_name":"ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes","issn_l":"0163-5948","issn":["0163-5948","1943-5843"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2373284441","https://openalex.org/W1578981866","https://openalex.org/W2887100346","https://openalex.org/W2056834547","https://openalex.org/W2082630336","https://openalex.org/W3178803661","https://openalex.org/W2119650349","https://openalex.org/W2031742416","https://openalex.org/W2375673601","https://openalex.org/W4213030328"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Boeing":[0],"737s":[1],"can't":[2],"land":[3],"facing":[4],"west":[5],"(FAA":[6],"via":[7],"Clive":[8],"D.W.":[9],"Feather,":[10],"R":[11],"31":[12,155,174],"56)":[13],"The":[14,77],"FAA":[15],"received":[16],"reports":[17],"earlier":[18],"this":[19,85,123,137],"year":[20],"of":[21,24,87,151,164],"three":[22,152],"incidents":[23],"display":[25,45],"electronic":[26],"unit":[27],"(DEU)":[28],"software":[29,88],"errors":[30],"on":[31,143,149,160],"Model":[32],"737":[33],"NG":[34],"airplanes":[35],"ying":[36],"into":[37],"runway":[38,57,73,94],"PABR":[39],"in":[40,122,170],"Barrow,":[41],"Alaska.":[42],"All":[43],"six":[44,65],"units":[46],"(DUs)":[47],"blanked":[48],"with":[49,58,95,108],"a":[50,56,59,70,92,96,109],"selected":[51,101],"instru-":[52],"ment":[53],"approach":[54],"to":[55],"270-degree":[60,97,110],"true":[61,98,111],"heading,":[62],"and":[63,91,127,166],"all":[64,106,139],"DUs":[66],"stayed":[67],"blank":[68],"until":[69],"di":[71],"erent":[72],"was":[74],"selected.":[75],"[...]":[76],"investigation":[78],"revealed":[79],"that":[80,130,136],"the":[81,132],"problem":[82],"occurs":[83],"when":[84],"combination":[86],"is":[89,100,138],"installed":[90],"susceptible":[93],"heading":[99,112],"for":[102],"instrument":[103],"approach.":[104],"Not":[105],"runways":[107,117],"are":[113],"susceptible;":[114],"only":[115],"seven":[116],"worldwide,":[118],"as":[119],"identi":[120],"ed":[121],"AD,":[124],"have":[125],"latitude":[126],"longitude":[128],"values":[129],"cause":[131],"blanking":[133],"behavior.":[134],"(Note":[135],"6":[140],"dis-":[141],"plays":[142],"each":[144,150],"plane,":[145],"not":[146],"2":[147],"displays":[148],"planes.)":[153],"(R":[154,173],"54).":[156],"[More":[157],"items":[158],"later":[159],"polar":[161],"coordinates,":[162],"tangent":[163],"90":[165],"270":[167],"being":[168],"plus-minus":[169],"nity,":[171],"etc.":[172],"56,57)":[175]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}