{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3080411185","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3384217.3385627","title":"Ghostbusting","display_name":"Ghostbusting","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3080411185","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3384217.3385627","mag":"3080411185"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3384217.3385627","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3384217.3385627","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3384217.3385627","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 7th Symposium on Hot Topics in the Science of Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3384217.3385627","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067522151","display_name":"Ira Ray Jenkins","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166639","display_name":"Dartmouth Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02j3qj605","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166639"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ira Ray Jenkins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dartmouth College"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166639","https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087984010","display_name":"Prashant Anantharaman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5083-4729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166639","display_name":"Dartmouth Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02j3qj605","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166639"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prashant Anantharaman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dartmouth College"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166639","https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107901977","display_name":"Rebecca Shapiro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726816","display_name":"CF Industries Holdings (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/032ctpc91","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401726816"]}],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rebecca Shapiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Narf Industries"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Narf Industries","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401726816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087549074","display_name":"J. Peter Brady","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2676-1487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166639","display_name":"Dartmouth Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02j3qj605","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166639"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Peter Brady","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dartmouth College"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166639","https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016172156","display_name":"Sergey Bratus","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166639","display_name":"Dartmouth Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02j3qj605","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166639"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergey Bratus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dartmouth College"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166639","https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102885109","display_name":"Sean W. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5995-574X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166639","display_name":"Dartmouth Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02j3qj605","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166639"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sean W. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dartmouth College"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166639","https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067522151"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454","https://openalex.org/I4210166639"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8155,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79266729,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8425492644309998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","score":0.6735755205154419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.6499969959259033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache","display_name":"Cache","score":0.5826090574264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ephemeral-key","display_name":"Ephemeral key","score":0.5619860887527466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-channel-attack","display_name":"Side channel attack","score":0.5574547648429871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microarchitecture","display_name":"Microarchitecture","score":0.46321922540664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.35688281059265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3299340009689331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2672581672668457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.17326608300209045}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8425492644309998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.6735755205154419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.6499969959259033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.5826090574264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76947770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4533181","display_name":"Ephemeral key","level":2,"score":0.5619860887527466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.5574547648429871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107598950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259864","display_name":"Microarchitecture","level":2,"score":0.46321922540664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.35688281059265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3299340009689331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2672581672668457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.17326608300209045}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3384217.3385627","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3384217.3385627","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3384217.3385627","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 7th Symposium on Hot Topics in the Science of Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3384217.3385627","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3384217.3385627","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3384217.3385627","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 7th Symposium on Hot Topics in the Science of Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2226808945","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-OE0000780","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4429444208","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-OE000078","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4713059963","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6702321948","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750-16-C-0179","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332467","display_name":"U.S. Air Force","ror":"https://ror.org/006gmme17"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3080411185.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3080411185.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6385438","https://openalex.org/W2056778557","https://openalex.org/W2065076704","https://openalex.org/W2095881341","https://openalex.org/W2131019288","https://openalex.org/W2185533280","https://openalex.org/W2605597658","https://openalex.org/W2612687770","https://openalex.org/W2797669305","https://openalex.org/W2868863044","https://openalex.org/W2883613460","https://openalex.org/W2884163605","https://openalex.org/W2884530475","https://openalex.org/W2921500326","https://openalex.org/W2946772038","https://openalex.org/W2954241526","https://openalex.org/W2962986039","https://openalex.org/W2963311060","https://openalex.org/W2964590009","https://openalex.org/W2965588382","https://openalex.org/W2976763854","https://openalex.org/W2977528721","https://openalex.org/W2985509521","https://openalex.org/W3008383151","https://openalex.org/W3097990693"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4254841053","https://openalex.org/W2997601332","https://openalex.org/W2168350932","https://openalex.org/W4253528273","https://openalex.org/W2032050747","https://openalex.org/W2507616274","https://openalex.org/W4210746918","https://openalex.org/W3131321414","https://openalex.org/W4379116144","https://openalex.org/W2888014022"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spectre":[0,38],"attacks":[1],"have":[2],"drawn":[3],"much":[4],"attention":[5],"since":[6],"their":[7],"announcement.":[8],"Speculative":[9],"execution":[10],"creates":[11],"so-called":[12,42],"transient":[13,31,55],"instructions,":[14],"those":[15],"whose":[16],"results":[17,32],"are":[18],"ephemeral":[19],"and":[20,58],"not":[21],"committed":[22],"architecturally.":[23],"However,":[24],"various":[25],"side-channels":[26],"exist":[27],"to":[28,51],"extract":[29],"these":[30],"from":[33],"the":[34,41,47,61],"microarchitecture,":[35],"e.g.,":[36],"caches.":[37],"Variant":[39],"1,":[40],"Bounds":[43],"Check":[44],"Bypass,":[45],"was":[46],"first":[48],"such":[49],"attack":[50],"be":[52],"demonstrated.":[53],"Leveraging":[54],"read":[56,64],"instructions":[57],"cache-timing":[59],"effects,":[60],"adversary":[62],"can":[63],"secret":[65],"data.":[66]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2020-09-01T00:00:00"}