{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3025357899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3383200","title":"Context-Dependent Sequence-to-Sequence Turkish Spelling Correction","display_name":"Context-Dependent Sequence-to-Sequence Turkish Spelling Correction","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3025357899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3383200","mag":"3025357899"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3383200","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3383200","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306421405","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","issn_l":"2375-4699","issn":["2375-4699","2375-4702"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079547173","display_name":"Osman B\u00fcy\u00fck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1039-3234"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51826884","display_name":"Kocaeli \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/0411seq30","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51826884"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Osman B\u00fcy\u00fck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kocaeli University and Sestek Speech Enabled Software Technologies Incorporation, Kocaeli, TURKEY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kocaeli University and Sestek Speech Enabled Software Technologies Incorporation, Kocaeli, TURKEY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51826884"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079547173"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51826884"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.507,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86164892,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agglutinative-language","display_name":"Agglutinative language","score":0.7870665192604065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7821240425109863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-set","display_name":"Test set","score":0.7326861619949341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.7322262525558472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spelling","display_name":"Spelling","score":0.7319478988647461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6394203901290894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turkish","display_name":"Turkish","score":0.6287798881530762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6029030084609985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.5894689559936523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5539174675941467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.538180947303772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.4885731637477875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.17608821392059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.06274744868278503}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80875076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171263","display_name":"Agglutinative language","level":3,"score":0.7870665192604065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7821240425109863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169903167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Test set","level":2,"score":0.7326861619949341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.7322262525558472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777801307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088390","display_name":"Spelling","level":2,"score":0.7319478988647461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6394203901290894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781121862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256","display_name":"Turkish","level":2,"score":0.6287798881530762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6029030084609985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5894689559936523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5539174675941467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.538180947303772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.4885731637477875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.17608821392059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.06274744868278503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165297611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43249","display_name":"Morpheme","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3383200","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3383200","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306421405","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","issn_l":"2375-4699","issn":["2375-4699","2375-4702"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:1da5571b-510b-40ff-ad4d-c9fdb3c5104e","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://avesis.kocaeli.edu.tr/publication/details/1da5571b-510b-40ff-ad4d-c9fdb3c5104e/oai","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055291","display_name":"Kocaeli \u00dcniversitesi - AVES\u0130S","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1745277","https://openalex.org/W201288405","https://openalex.org/W1561171833","https://openalex.org/W1591706642","https://openalex.org/W1902237438","https://openalex.org/W1999806644","https://openalex.org/W2003924379","https://openalex.org/W2004316800","https://openalex.org/W2077940530","https://openalex.org/W2078169166","https://openalex.org/W2102003408","https://openalex.org/W2124810338","https://openalex.org/W2129812225","https://openalex.org/W2160815625","https://openalex.org/W2250316417","https://openalex.org/W2592815700","https://openalex.org/W2741908291","https://openalex.org/W2760493402","https://openalex.org/W2885301267","https://openalex.org/W2964308564","https://openalex.org/W3003778905"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098104139","https://openalex.org/W4290735204","https://openalex.org/W4290739335","https://openalex.org/W1531783358","https://openalex.org/W2114358883","https://openalex.org/W2129812225","https://openalex.org/W1745277","https://openalex.org/W2050938027","https://openalex.org/W2914864687","https://openalex.org/W3025357899"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,18,72,177],"this":[1],"article,":[2],"we":[3,79,180],"make":[4],"use":[5],"of":[6,47,55,85,144],"sequence-to-sequence":[7],"(seq2seq)":[8],"models":[9,107],"for":[10],"spelling":[11,132,215],"correction":[12,195,216],"in":[13,59,99,137],"the":[14,19,32,38,45,48,52,76,86,100,105,116,135,138,142,145,164,178,183,191,200,204,219],"agglutinative":[15,53],"Turkish":[16,214],"language.":[17],"baseline":[20,77,192],"system,":[21],"misspelled":[22,87],"and":[23,31,82,130,152],"target":[24],"words":[25,65,91,136],"are":[26,35,66,92],"split":[27],"into":[28,37],"their":[29,95],"letters":[30,43],"letter":[33],"sequences":[34],"fed":[36],"seq2seq":[39,106,148],"model.":[40,102],"We":[41,103,125,140],"prefer":[42],"as":[44,68],"unit":[46],"model":[49,149,186],"due":[50],"to":[51,74,134,163],"nature":[54],"Turkish,":[56],"which":[57],"results":[58],"an":[60],"impractical":[61],"dictionary":[62,70],"size":[63],"when":[64],"used":[67],"a":[69,109,212],"unit.":[71],"order":[73],"improve":[75],"performance,":[78],"incorporate":[80],"right":[81],"left":[83],"context":[84,90],"words.":[88],"All":[89],"represented":[93],"with":[94],"first":[96],"three":[97],"consonants":[98],"context-dependent":[101,147,185],"train":[104],"using":[108,150],"large":[110],"text":[111],"corpus":[112,119],"collected":[113],"automatically":[114],"from":[115,174],"Internet.":[117],"The":[118,156,167],"contains":[120,171],"approximately":[121],"4":[122],"million":[123],"sentences.":[124],"randomly":[126],"introduce":[127],"substitution,":[128],"deletion,":[129],"insertion":[131],"errors":[133],"corpus.":[139],"test":[141,154,158,169,221],"performance":[143],"proposed":[146,184,205],"synthetic":[151,157,201],"realistic":[153,168],"sets.":[155],"set":[159,170],"is":[160],"constructed":[161],"similar":[162],"training":[165],"set.":[166,222],"human-made":[172],"misspellings":[173],"Twitter":[175,220],"messages.":[176],"experiments,":[179],"observed":[181],"that":[182],"performs":[187],"significantly":[188],"better":[189],"than":[190],"system.":[193],"Its":[194],"accuracy":[196],"reaches":[197],"94%":[198],"on":[199,218],"dataset.":[202],"Additionally,":[203],"method":[206],"provides":[207],"2.1%":[208],"absolute":[209],"improvement":[210],"over":[211],"state-of-the-art":[213],"system":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
