{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3020849911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3381748","title":"Accurate Rendering of Liquid-Crystals and Inhomogeneous Optically Anisotropic Media","display_name":"Accurate Rendering of Liquid-Crystals and Inhomogeneous Optically Anisotropic Media","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3020849911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3381748","mag":"3020849911"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3381748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3381748","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065313939","display_name":"Shlomi Steinberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2748-4036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shlomi Steinberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065313939"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3206,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85345229,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10306","display_name":"Liquid Crystal Research Advancements","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.8612961769104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anisotropy","display_name":"Anisotropy","score":0.640927791595459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5644649863243103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetism","display_name":"Electromagnetism","score":0.5279150009155273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.45389530062675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.39486297965049744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3724733293056488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.3364468812942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.24567484855651855}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.8612961769104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85725439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466686","display_name":"Anisotropy","level":2,"score":0.640927791595459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5644649863243103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91748784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11406","display_name":"Electromagnetism","level":2,"score":0.5279150009155273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45389530062675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.39486297965049744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3724733293056488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.3364468812942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.24567484855651855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3381748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3381748","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W214238936","https://openalex.org/W914589513","https://openalex.org/W986312483","https://openalex.org/W1233294213","https://openalex.org/W1636884554","https://openalex.org/W1969834102","https://openalex.org/W1970516706","https://openalex.org/W1972969740","https://openalex.org/W1977733098","https://openalex.org/W1979152636","https://openalex.org/W1982483864","https://openalex.org/W1986058898","https://openalex.org/W1987113590","https://openalex.org/W1987500491","https://openalex.org/W1990857812","https://openalex.org/W1992566341","https://openalex.org/W1994947022","https://openalex.org/W1999899830","https://openalex.org/W2003247404","https://openalex.org/W2003284556","https://openalex.org/W2009564801","https://openalex.org/W2010075262","https://openalex.org/W2010392733","https://openalex.org/W2011692427","https://openalex.org/W2033622027","https://openalex.org/W2039763880","https://openalex.org/W2040115467","https://openalex.org/W2055646141","https://openalex.org/W2056267614","https://openalex.org/W2058921597","https://openalex.org/W2063166222","https://openalex.org/W2064773532","https://openalex.org/W2066196783","https://openalex.org/W2068251489","https://openalex.org/W2071461214","https://openalex.org/W2071820655","https://openalex.org/W2077398351","https://openalex.org/W2080638042","https://openalex.org/W2084513066","https://openalex.org/W2091079471","https://openalex.org/W2094223147","https://openalex.org/W2094226143","https://openalex.org/W2094413801","https://openalex.org/W2100610448","https://openalex.org/W2133977656","https://openalex.org/W2134256482","https://openalex.org/W2135305287","https://openalex.org/W2138847290","https://openalex.org/W2145865413","https://openalex.org/W2158946043","https://openalex.org/W2159968772","https://openalex.org/W2162449976","https://openalex.org/W2165917005","https://openalex.org/W2168021688","https://openalex.org/W2220595294","https://openalex.org/W2222007252","https://openalex.org/W2283973088","https://openalex.org/W2315539813","https://openalex.org/W2337227037","https://openalex.org/W2468977805","https://openalex.org/W2483822468","https://openalex.org/W2537124514","https://openalex.org/W2555439002","https://openalex.org/W2609608452","https://openalex.org/W2614647722","https://openalex.org/W2747440553","https://openalex.org/W2766256200","https://openalex.org/W2810054981","https://openalex.org/W2891955732","https://openalex.org/W2895467751","https://openalex.org/W2942322190","https://openalex.org/W2951048064","https://openalex.org/W2963248516","https://openalex.org/W2965593259","https://openalex.org/W2991341984","https://openalex.org/W3006322515","https://openalex.org/W3022302466","https://openalex.org/W4205227011","https://openalex.org/W4230093359","https://openalex.org/W4388395150","https://openalex.org/W6762156298"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2389564621","https://openalex.org/W2485684995","https://openalex.org/W4225668168","https://openalex.org/W4301510289","https://openalex.org/W1924358316","https://openalex.org/W2375995997","https://openalex.org/W2377928168","https://openalex.org/W2520652092","https://openalex.org/W2030301809","https://openalex.org/W2782715206"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,62,157],"present":[1],"a":[2,7,34,77,105,159],"novel":[3],"method":[4],"for":[5,89,121],"devising":[6],"closed-form":[8],"analytic":[9,118],"expression":[10],"to":[11,111,114,154],"the":[12,16,68,81,90,97,122],"light":[13,65,123],"transport":[14,66],"through":[15],"bulk":[17],"of":[18,36,47,70,80,99,138,163,173],"inhomogeneous":[19],"optically":[20,24,141],"anisotropic":[21,25,142],"media.":[22],"Those":[23],"materials,":[26],"e.g.,":[27],"liquid-crystals":[28,174],"and":[29,39,72,133,166,182],"elastic":[30],"fluids,":[31],"arise":[32],"in":[33,130],"plethora":[35],"established":[37],"applications":[38,162],"exciting":[40],"new":[41],"research;":[42],"however,":[43],"current":[44],"state-of-the-art":[45],"methods":[46],"visually":[48],"deducing":[49],"their":[50,55],"optical":[51,147],"properties":[52,148],"or":[53,60],"rendering":[54,102,140],"appearance":[56],"are":[57],"either":[58],"lacking":[59],"non-existent.":[61],"formulate":[63],"our":[64,100,134,164],"problemunder":[67],"context":[69],"electromagnetism":[71],"derive,":[73],"from":[74],"first":[75],"principles,":[76],"differential":[78],"equation":[79],"transmitted":[82],"complex":[83],"wave":[84],"fields":[85],"that":[86,94],"fully":[87],"account":[88],"complicated":[91],"interference":[92],"phenomena":[93],"arise.":[95],"At":[96],"core":[98],"proposed":[101],"framework":[103,135],"is":[104,127,136],"powerful":[106],"mathematical":[107],"representation,":[108],"carefully":[109],"crafted":[110],"enable":[112],"us":[113],"produce":[115],"highly":[116],"accurate":[117],"approximative":[119],"solutions":[120],"transport.":[124],"This":[125],"approach":[126],"previously":[128],"unused":[129],"computer":[131],"rendering,":[132],"capable":[137],"accurately":[139],"materials":[143],"with":[144],"spatially":[145],"varying":[146],"at":[149],"orders-of-magnitude":[150],"better":[151],"performance":[152],"compared":[153],"existing":[155],"methods.":[156],"demonstrate":[158],"few":[160],"practical":[161],"method,":[165],"we":[167],"validate":[168],"it":[169],"against":[170,179,184],"polarized":[171],"photos":[172],"as":[175,177],"well":[176],"numerically":[178],"numerical":[180],"solvers":[181],"qualitatively":[183],"brute-force":[185],"renderings.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
