{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3017072639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3381036","title":"Understanding Ethereum via Graph Analysis","display_name":"Understanding Ethereum via Graph Analysis","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3017072639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3381036","mag":"3017072639"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3381036","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3381036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97833917","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Internet Technology","issn_l":"1533-5399","issn":["1533-5399","1557-6051"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Internet Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100443178","display_name":"Ting Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9165-8331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ting Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cybersecurity, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9165-8331","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cybersecurity, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100342798","display_name":"Zihao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4382-577X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cybersecurity, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cybersecurity, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100673750","display_name":"Yu-Xiao Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8626-8635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxiao Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management, Guangdong University of Technology; School of Big Data and Strategy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China","School of Management, Guangdong University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management, Guangdong University of Technology; School of Big Data and Strategy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management, Guangdong University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086118824","display_name":"Jiachi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0192-9992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiachi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400376","display_name":"Xiapu Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9082-3208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiapu Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068489266","display_name":"John C. S. Lui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7466-0384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Chi-Shing Lui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science 8 Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7466-0384","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science 8 Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083787204","display_name":"Xiaodong Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8916-6645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79817857","display_name":"University of Guelph","ror":"https://ror.org/01r7awg59","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodong Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100780268","display_name":"Xiaosong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9886-1412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaosong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cybersecurity, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cybersecurity, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100443178"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":32.0231,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":200,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99679747,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"32"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9803000092506409,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9684000015258789,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8469842076301575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptocurrency","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","score":0.8398717641830444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-contract","display_name":"Smart contract","score":0.69246506690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.6459530591964722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.602971076965332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5882415771484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.45111966133117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4074379503726959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.29948562383651733}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8469842076301575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180706569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479982","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","level":2,"score":0.8398717641830444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779950589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544035","display_name":"Smart contract","level":3,"score":0.69246506690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.6459530591964722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.602971076965332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5882415771484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.45111966133117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4074379503726959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.29948562383651733}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3381036","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3381036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97833917","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Internet Technology","issn_l":"1533-5399","issn":["1533-5399","1557-6051"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Internet Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3683631156","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61872057","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W132711133","https://openalex.org/W1988699025","https://openalex.org/W2000042664","https://openalex.org/W2022932831","https://openalex.org/W2066636486","https://openalex.org/W2113711437","https://openalex.org/W2161605580","https://openalex.org/W2175110005","https://openalex.org/W2283695185","https://openalex.org/W2476680721","https://openalex.org/W2539190473","https://openalex.org/W2598139937","https://openalex.org/W2792261072","https://openalex.org/W2795362272","https://openalex.org/W2801793079","https://openalex.org/W2805052744","https://openalex.org/W2808452017","https://openalex.org/W2883343357","https://openalex.org/W2898569715","https://openalex.org/W2902373132","https://openalex.org/W2963220038","https://openalex.org/W3103362336","https://openalex.org/W3151748982"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4303984095","https://openalex.org/W4297798448","https://openalex.org/W4388187043","https://openalex.org/W4396713893","https://openalex.org/W4285161539","https://openalex.org/W2982625131","https://openalex.org/W2957710009","https://openalex.org/W4396636834","https://openalex.org/W3092627261","https://openalex.org/W4396241386"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ethereum,":[0,22,57],"a":[1],"blockchain,":[2],"supports":[3],"its":[4,30],"own":[5],"cryptocurrency":[6],"named":[7],"Ether":[8],"and":[9,34,64,86],"smart":[10,16,32,61,65],"contracts.":[11],"Although":[12],"more":[13],"than":[14],"8M":[15],"contracts":[17],"have":[18],"been":[19],"deployed":[20],"on":[21,45,56,97],"little":[23],"is":[24],"known":[25],"about":[26],"the":[27,35,41,77],"characteristics":[28],"of":[29],"users,":[31],"contracts,":[33],"relationships":[36],"among":[37],"them.":[38],"We":[39,68],"conduct":[40],"first":[42],"systematic":[43],"study":[44],"Ethereum":[46],"by":[47],"leveraging":[48],"graph":[49,84],"analysis":[50],"to":[51,79],"characterize":[52,80],"three":[53,74,93],"major":[54,81],"activities":[55,82],"namely":[58],"money":[59],"transfer,":[60],"contract":[62,66],"creation,":[63],"invocation.":[67],"collect":[69],"all":[70],"transaction":[71],"data,":[72],"construct":[73],"graphs":[75],"from":[76],"data":[78],"via":[83],"analysis,":[85],"discover":[87],"new":[88],"insights.":[89],"Moreover,":[90],"we":[91],"address":[92],"security":[94],"issues":[95],"based":[96],"graphs.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}