{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3089663604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3379597.3387477","title":"Characterizing and Identifying Composite Refactorings","display_name":"Characterizing and Identifying Composite Refactorings","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3089663604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3379597.3387477","mag":"3089663604"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3379597.3387477","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3379597.3387477","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103226106","display_name":"Leonardo Sousa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0397-8277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leonardo Sousa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical & Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical & Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027260014","display_name":"Diego Cedrim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098009","display_name":"Amazon Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/00ssgrj25","country_code":"BR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098009"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diego Cedrim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098009"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007792821","display_name":"Alessandro Garcia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5788-5215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2699952","display_name":"Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/01dg47b60","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Garcia","raw_affiliation_strings":["PUC-Rio, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PUC-Rio, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024116315","display_name":"Willian Oizumi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8956-5272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2699952","display_name":"Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/01dg47b60","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Willian Oizumi","raw_affiliation_strings":["PUC-Rio, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PUC-Rio, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019724624","display_name":"Ana Carla Bibiano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3730-9290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2699952","display_name":"Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/01dg47b60","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana C. Bibiano","raw_affiliation_strings":["PUC-Rio, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PUC-Rio, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086014975","display_name":"Daniel Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1597-1622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2699952","display_name":"Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/01dg47b60","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["PUC-Rio, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PUC-Rio, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049451101","display_name":"Miryung Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3802-1512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799798094","display_name":"UCLA Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01d88se56","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799798094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miryung Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["UCLA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UCLA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799798094"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041090227","display_name":"Anderson Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6720-6394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2699952","display_name":"Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/01dg47b60","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anderson Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["PUC-Rio, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PUC-Rio, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103226106"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1388,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96626324,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"186","last_page":"197"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-refactoring","display_name":"Code refactoring","score":0.9867497086524963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commit","display_name":"Commit","score":0.8633332252502441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6775981783866882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.6014474630355835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-smell","display_name":"Code smell","score":0.47385671734809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-maintenance","display_name":"Software maintenance","score":0.45435914397239685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-evolution","display_name":"Software evolution","score":0.4254525303840637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.411533921957016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.35732200741767883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.34073153138160706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.31870853900909424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.30119460821151733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.2299731969833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.13993048667907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.07966846227645874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152752567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116877","display_name":"Code refactoring","level":3,"score":0.9867497086524963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19776675","display_name":"Commit","level":2,"score":0.8633332252502441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6775981783866882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.6014474630355835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133237599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2295111","display_name":"Code smell","level":5,"score":0.47385671734809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101317890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q940053","display_name":"Software maintenance","level":4,"score":0.45435914397239685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202105479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265013","display_name":"Software evolution","level":5,"score":0.4254525303840637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.411533921957016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.35732200741767883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.34073153138160706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.31870853900909424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.30119460821151733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.2299731969833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.13993048667907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.07966846227645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3379597.3387477","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3379597.3387477","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1342665","https://openalex.org/W85109191","https://openalex.org/W1487664366","https://openalex.org/W1524601730","https://openalex.org/W1973306813","https://openalex.org/W1976019354","https://openalex.org/W2000679946","https://openalex.org/W2001058389","https://openalex.org/W2014216297","https://openalex.org/W2017709030","https://openalex.org/W2040417066","https://openalex.org/W2041050902","https://openalex.org/W2044556410","https://openalex.org/W2050229706","https://openalex.org/W2063849064","https://openalex.org/W2082394080","https://openalex.org/W2084965553","https://openalex.org/W2091064206","https://openalex.org/W2098574369","https://openalex.org/W2099613036","https://openalex.org/W2108086273","https://openalex.org/W2113157806","https://openalex.org/W2119493660","https://openalex.org/W2131216131","https://openalex.org/W2137203524","https://openalex.org/W2159725273","https://openalex.org/W2161661398","https://openalex.org/W2166993820","https://openalex.org/W2170344504","https://openalex.org/W2357064193","https://openalex.org/W2476494490","https://openalex.org/W2512989791","https://openalex.org/W2517910349","https://openalex.org/W2546999186","https://openalex.org/W2592568457","https://openalex.org/W2602717139","https://openalex.org/W2605280249","https://openalex.org/W2725758135","https://openalex.org/W2740981432","https://openalex.org/W2754638064","https://openalex.org/W2787379525","https://openalex.org/W2795027827","https://openalex.org/W2795868997","https://openalex.org/W2888396063","https://openalex.org/W2896744621","https://openalex.org/W2913273467","https://openalex.org/W2943748428","https://openalex.org/W2944080842","https://openalex.org/W2960587195","https://openalex.org/W2961076228","https://openalex.org/W2980650611","https://openalex.org/W2980897813","https://openalex.org/W3004886858","https://openalex.org/W3014446220","https://openalex.org/W4233562928","https://openalex.org/W4255825301"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2088986462","https://openalex.org/W2780981476","https://openalex.org/W3166181464","https://openalex.org/W2955607951","https://openalex.org/W2187939805","https://openalex.org/W125071098","https://openalex.org/W2063955337","https://openalex.org/W2015418718","https://openalex.org/W2091064206","https://openalex.org/W1988254449"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Refactoring":[0],"consists":[1],"of":[2,42,61,70,101,153,194,224],"a":[3,34,78,177],"transformation":[4],"applied":[5],"to":[6,16,84,145,160,169,180,190,214],"improve":[7,215],"the":[8,65,98,128,133,154,161,167,188],"program":[9,178],"internal":[10],"structure,":[11],"for":[12,212,222],"instance,":[13],"by":[14],"contributing":[15],"remove":[17,201],"code":[18],"smells.":[19,71],"Developers":[20],"often":[21],"apply":[22],"multiple":[23],"interrelated":[24],"refactorings":[25,63,90,112,125,141,196],"called":[26],"composite":[27,31,46,62,89,111,124,182,195],"refactoring.":[28],"Even":[29],"though":[30],"refactoring":[32,47,135,217],"is":[33,51,166,186],"common":[35],"practice,":[36],"an":[37],"investigation":[38],"from":[39],"different":[40,59,151],"points":[41],"view":[43],"on":[44],"how":[45,58],"manifests":[48],"in":[49,127,150,176],"practice":[50],"missing.":[52],"Previous":[53],"empirical":[54],"studies":[55],"also":[56,187],"neglect":[57],"kinds":[60],"affect":[64],"removal,":[66],"prevalence":[67],"or":[68,200],"introduction":[69],"To":[72],"address":[73],"these":[74],"matters,":[75],"we":[76,96,120],"provide":[77],"conceptual":[79],"framework":[80],"and":[81,87,92,108,131],"two":[82],"heuristics":[83],"respectively":[85],"characterize":[86],"identify":[88],"within":[91],"across":[93],"commits.":[94],"Then,":[95],"mined":[97],"commit":[99,130],"history":[100],"48":[102],"GitHub":[103],"software":[104],"projects.":[105],"We":[106,137],"identified":[107],"analyzed":[109],"24,911":[110],"involving":[113],"104,505":[114],"single":[115],"refactorings.":[116,183],"Amongst":[117],"several":[118,140],"findings,":[119],"observed":[121],"that":[122,139,171,197],"most":[123],"occur":[126,149],"same":[129,134,162],"have":[132],"type.":[136],"found":[138],"are":[142,157,174],"semantically":[143],"related":[144,159],"each":[146],"other,":[147],"which":[148],"parts":[152],"system":[155],"but":[156],"still":[158],"task.":[163],"Our":[164,184],"study":[165,185],"first":[168,189],"reveal":[170,191],"many":[172],"smells":[173],"introduced":[175],"due":[179],"\"incomplete\"":[181],"111":[192],"patterns":[193,206],"frequently":[198],"introduce":[199],"certain":[202],"smell":[203],"types.":[204],"These":[205],"can":[207],"be":[208],"used":[209],"as":[210,219,221],"guidelines":[211],"developers":[213],"their":[216],"practices":[218],"well":[220],"designers":[223],"recommender":[225],"systems.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}