{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3035250811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3379597.3387473","title":"The State of the ML-universe","display_name":"The State of the ML-universe","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3035250811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3379597.3387473","mag":"3035250811"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3379597.3387473","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3379597.3387473","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008739638","display_name":"Danielle Gonzalez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5507-7556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Danielle Gonzalez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061605447","display_name":"Thomas Zimmermann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4905-1469"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Zimmermann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101612061","display_name":"Nachiappan Nagappan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1358-4124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nachiappan Nagappan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008739638"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.9624,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9862971,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"431","last_page":"442"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9767000079154968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.7797905206680298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7511650323867798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5585435628890991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.5451790690422058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.5273849964141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5087986588478088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.4872399866580963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.46929746866226196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.43455058336257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.43032175302505493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3853570520877838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.30108243227005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.0825347900390625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.7797905206680298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7511650323867798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5585435628890991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5451790690422058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5273849964141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5087986588478088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.4872399866580963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.46929746866226196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.43455058336257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.43032175302505493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3853570520877838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30108243227005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0825347900390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3379597.3387473","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3379597.3387473","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1914969610","https://openalex.org/W1964415670","https://openalex.org/W2014116953","https://openalex.org/W2022371098","https://openalex.org/W2040915209","https://openalex.org/W2087419855","https://openalex.org/W2100196534","https://openalex.org/W2124100711","https://openalex.org/W2142958724","https://openalex.org/W2147018965","https://openalex.org/W2402802372","https://openalex.org/W2440056063","https://openalex.org/W2559885217","https://openalex.org/W2601908482","https://openalex.org/W2620921533","https://openalex.org/W2621924596","https://openalex.org/W2757656223","https://openalex.org/W2759963882","https://openalex.org/W2785247517","https://openalex.org/W2788395800","https://openalex.org/W2789444109","https://openalex.org/W2850992922","https://openalex.org/W2913200795","https://openalex.org/W2915232514","https://openalex.org/W2922234936","https://openalex.org/W2944264045","https://openalex.org/W2950127321","https://openalex.org/W2955309381","https://openalex.org/W2968594320","https://openalex.org/W2970433196","https://openalex.org/W2976409997","https://openalex.org/W2980482960","https://openalex.org/W2995895679","https://openalex.org/W2998064020","https://openalex.org/W3005940936","https://openalex.org/W3007157104","https://openalex.org/W3090643686","https://openalex.org/W3121143339","https://openalex.org/W3121939465","https://openalex.org/W3150663209","https://openalex.org/W4211202483","https://openalex.org/W4250687526"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2476117260","https://openalex.org/W2770531922","https://openalex.org/W1845068655","https://openalex.org/W4321354308","https://openalex.org/W3118244000","https://openalex.org/W3121161786","https://openalex.org/W2290299503","https://openalex.org/W3029851195","https://openalex.org/W2046884474","https://openalex.org/W2183585111"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,26,74],"last":[2],"few":[3],"years,":[4],"artificial":[5],"intelligence":[6],"(AI)":[7],"and":[8,35,58,83,106,123],"machine":[9],"learning":[10],"(ML)":[11],"have":[12,19,110],"become":[13],"ubiquitous":[14],"terms.":[15],"These":[16],"powerful":[17],"techniques":[18,40],"escaped":[20],"obscurity":[21],"in":[22],"academic":[23],"communities":[24],"with":[25],"recent":[27],"onslaught":[28],"of":[29,46],"AI":[30,52,79],"&":[31,53,80],"ML":[32,54,81],"tools,":[33],"frameworks,":[34],"libraries":[36],"that":[37,94],"make":[38],"these":[39,108],"accessible":[41],"to":[42,55,117],"a":[43,49,115],"wider":[44],"audience":[45],"developers.":[47],"As":[48],"result,":[50],"applying":[51],"solve":[56],"existing":[57],"emergent":[59],"problems":[60],"is":[61,68],"an":[62],"increasingly":[63],"popular":[64],"practice.":[65],"However,":[66],"little":[67],"known":[69],"about":[70],"this":[71],"domain":[72],"from":[73],"software":[75,101],"engineering":[76],"perspective.":[77],"Many":[78],"tools":[82,97],"applications":[84],"are":[85],"open":[86],"source,":[87],"hosted":[88],"on":[89],"platforms":[90],"such":[91],"as":[92,114],"GitHub":[93],"provide":[95],"rich":[96],"for":[98],"large-scale":[99],"distributed":[100],"development.":[102],"Despite":[103],"widespread":[104],"use":[105],"popularity,":[107],"repositories":[109],"never":[111],"been":[112],"examined":[113],"community":[116],"identify":[118],"unique":[119],"properties,":[120],"development":[121],"patterns,":[122],"trends.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}