{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3013369813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3379597.3387460","title":"Empirical Study of Restarted and Flaky Builds on Travis CI","display_name":"Empirical Study of Restarted and Flaky Builds on Travis CI","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3013369813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3379597.3387460","mag":"3013369813"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3379597.3387460","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3379597.3387460","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.11772","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043941055","display_name":"Thomas Durieux","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1996-6134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121345201","display_name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento","ror":"https://ror.org/04mqy3p58","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121345201","https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Durieux","raw_affiliation_strings":["INESC-ID and 1ST, University of Lisbon, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC-ID and 1ST, University of Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121345201","https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032356672","display_name":"Claire Le Goues","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3931-060X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claire Le Goues","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088362471","display_name":"Michael Hilton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9195-6902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Hilton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030785658","display_name":"Rui Abreu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3734-3157"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121345201","display_name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento","ror":"https://ror.org/04mqy3p58","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121345201","https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Abreu","raw_affiliation_strings":["INESC-ID and IST, University of Lisbon, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC-ID and IST, University of Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121345201","https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043941055"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121345201","https://openalex.org/I141596103"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.14161704,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96332843,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"254","last_page":"264"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12607","display_name":"Personal Information Management and User Behavior","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12607","display_name":"Personal Information Management and User Behavior","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5931891202926636}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5931891202926636}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3379597.3387460","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3379597.3387460","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2003.11772","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2003.11772","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.11772","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2003.11772","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2003.11772","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.11772","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315254","display_name":"Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493688518","https://openalex.org/W2026926213","https://openalex.org/W2036625316","https://openalex.org/W2095535364","https://openalex.org/W2347053969","https://openalex.org/W2594511738","https://openalex.org/W2732522303","https://openalex.org/W2733244695","https://openalex.org/W2741220297","https://openalex.org/W2768067395","https://openalex.org/W2794756405","https://openalex.org/W2809559400","https://openalex.org/W2884967970","https://openalex.org/W2951170114","https://openalex.org/W2955940099","https://openalex.org/W2976499200","https://openalex.org/W3106532184"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Continuous":[0],"Integration":[1],"(CI)":[2],"is":[3,19,51],"a":[4,13,25,33,47,150,155,170,188,223],"development":[5,100,174],"practice":[6],"where":[7],"developers":[8,53,105,184,200],"frequently":[9],"integrate":[10],"code":[11,18],"into":[12],"common":[14],"codebase.":[15],"After":[16],"the":[17,21,44,55,60,63,68,77,83,99,180,183,194,210,217],"integrated,":[20],"CI":[22,48,120,157,203],"server":[23],"runs":[24],"test":[26,49,65],"suite":[27,66],"and":[28,41,95,127,186],"other":[29],"tools":[30],"to":[31,57,113,134,149,208,233],"produce":[32],"set":[34],"of":[35,39,46,110,179,193,219,225],"reports":[36],"(e.g.,":[37],"output":[38],"linters":[40],"tests).":[42],"If":[43],"result":[45],"run":[50],"unexpected,":[52],"have":[54,169],"option":[56],"manually":[58],"restart":[59,106,187],"build,":[61],"re-running":[62],"same":[64,69],"on":[67,98,173],"code;":[70],"this":[71,87],"can":[72],"reveal":[73],"build":[74,79,189],"flakiness,":[75],"if":[76],"restarted":[78,91,115,136,139,167,181],"outcome":[80],"differs":[81],"from":[82,231],"original":[84],"build.":[85],"In":[86],"study,":[88],"we":[89,164],"analyze":[90,185],"builds,":[92,94,111,182],"flaky":[93],"their":[96,206],"impact":[97,172],"workflow.":[101,175],"We":[102,122],"observe":[103,123,165],"that":[104,124,144,166,199],"at":[107],"least":[108],"1.72%":[109],"amounting":[112],"56,522":[114],"builds":[116,140,143,168,213],"in":[117,177],"our":[118],"Travis":[119,156],"dataset.":[121],"more":[125,128,132],"mature":[126],"complex":[129],"projects":[130],"are":[131,141,145],"likely":[133],"include":[135],"builds.":[137],"The":[138],"mostly":[142],"initially":[146],"failing":[147],"due":[148],"test,":[151],"network":[152],"problem,":[153],"or":[154],"limitations":[158],"such":[159],"as":[160],"execution":[161],"timeout.":[162],"Finally,":[163],"major":[171],"Indeed,":[176],"54.42%":[178],"within":[190],"an":[191],"hour":[192],"initial":[195],"failure.":[196],"This":[197],"suggests":[198],"wait":[201],"for":[202],"results,":[204],"interrupting":[205],"workflow":[207],"address":[209],"issue.":[211],"Restarted":[212],"also":[214],"slow":[215],"down":[216],"merging":[218,229],"pull":[220],"requests":[221],"by":[222],"factor":[224],"three,":[226],"bringing":[227],"median":[228],"time":[230],"16h":[232],"48h.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-10T21:29:10.735309","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
