{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3029947503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3379347","title":"A Critical Survey of the Multilevel Method in Complex Networks","display_name":"A Critical Survey of the Multilevel Method in Complex Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3029947503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3379347","mag":"3029947503"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3379347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3379347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011106483","display_name":"Alan Valejo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9046-9499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092357","display_name":"Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00fy4at53","country_code":"MD","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112090838","https://openalex.org/I4210092357"]}],"countries":["BR","MD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan Valejo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science (ICMC), University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9046-9499","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science (ICMC), University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092357","https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050720024","display_name":"Vin\u00edcius Ferreira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0708-3446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092357","display_name":"Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00fy4at53","country_code":"MD","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112090838","https://openalex.org/I4210092357"]}],"countries":["BR","MD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vin\u00edcius Ferreira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science (ICMC), University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science (ICMC), University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092357","https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078120476","display_name":"Renato Fabbri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-629X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092357","display_name":"Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00fy4at53","country_code":"MD","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112090838","https://openalex.org/I4210092357"]}],"countries":["BR","MD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renato Fabbri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science (ICMC), University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science (ICMC), University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092357","https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042377165","display_name":"Maria Cristina Ferreira de Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4729-5104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092357","display_name":"Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00fy4at53","country_code":"MD","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112090838","https://openalex.org/I4210092357"]}],"countries":["BR","MD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Cristina Ferreira de Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science (ICMC), University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science (ICMC), University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092357","https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071993604","display_name":"Alneu de Andrade Lopes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3112-4746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092357","display_name":"Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00fy4at53","country_code":"MD","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112090838","https://openalex.org/I4210092357"]}],"countries":["BR","MD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alneu de Andrade Lopes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science (ICMC), University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science (ICMC), University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092357","https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5376,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89536143,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"35"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9617999792098999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9282000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8497388958930969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5410699844360352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/panorama","display_name":"Panorama","score":0.5206812620162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.49375614523887634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.44590887427330017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multitude","display_name":"Multitude","score":0.4207971692085266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilevel-model","display_name":"Multilevel model","score":0.41747161746025085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.357230007648468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.3423295319080353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.28955453634262085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2550451159477234}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8497388958930969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5410699844360352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780580889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41363","display_name":"Panorama","level":2,"score":0.5206812620162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.49375614523887634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.44590887427330017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780565519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1208937","display_name":"Multitude","level":2,"score":0.4207971692085266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53059260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374758","display_name":"Multilevel model","level":2,"score":0.41747161746025085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.357230007648468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3423295319080353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28955453634262085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2550451159477234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3379347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3379347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G981041487","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"15/14228-9 and 17/05838-3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/02ddkpn78"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":101,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W78408743","https://openalex.org/W271097825","https://openalex.org/W1485215429","https://openalex.org/W1495712255","https://openalex.org/W1538076361","https://openalex.org/W1546413495","https://openalex.org/W1601764037","https://openalex.org/W1614681591","https://openalex.org/W1831254230","https://openalex.org/W1866618235","https://openalex.org/W1869723204","https://openalex.org/W1970394924","https://openalex.org/W1971844861","https://openalex.org/W1972436494","https://openalex.org/W1972978715","https://openalex.org/W1973668233","https://openalex.org/W1981893977","https://openalex.org/W1990170789","https://openalex.org/W1999170091","https://openalex.org/W1999446611","https://openalex.org/W2000073302","https://openalex.org/W2004106970","https://openalex.org/W2004951603","https://openalex.org/W2006559371","https://openalex.org/W2015393122","https://openalex.org/W2015925158","https://openalex.org/W2020140168","https://openalex.org/W2024607148","https://openalex.org/W2026143132","https://openalex.org/W2029373408","https://openalex.org/W2033193852","https://openalex.org/W2038094773","https://openalex.org/W2041178998","https://openalex.org/W2041786457","https://openalex.org/W2046675429","https://openalex.org/W2047940964","https://openalex.org/W2049820532","https://openalex.org/W2059985735","https://openalex.org/W2069937662","https://openalex.org/W2070232376","https://openalex.org/W2074436399","https://openalex.org/W2077240465","https://openalex.org/W2086825382","https://openalex.org/W2088687202","https://openalex.org/W2090495017","https://openalex.org/W2096814473","https://openalex.org/W2097491822","https://openalex.org/W2101268641","https://openalex.org/W2102717275","https://openalex.org/W2107721006","https://openalex.org/W2112090702","https://openalex.org/W2122356319","https://openalex.org/W2127048411","https://openalex.org/W2127605247","https://openalex.org/W2130776740","https://openalex.org/W2130822890","https://openalex.org/W2131548207","https://openalex.org/W2131681506","https://openalex.org/W2132202037","https://openalex.org/W2141344883","https://openalex.org/W2149744196","https://openalex.org/W2150770193","https://openalex.org/W2151936673","https://openalex.org/W2161455936","https://openalex.org/W2162482386","https://openalex.org/W2164594745","https://openalex.org/W2167252678","https://openalex.org/W2167482691","https://openalex.org/W2168130919","https://openalex.org/W2186710387","https://openalex.org/W2319659610","https://openalex.org/W2343742205","https://openalex.org/W2394930177","https://openalex.org/W2397799191","https://openalex.org/W2592025853","https://openalex.org/W2600889977","https://openalex.org/W2697704498","https://openalex.org/W2765658614","https://openalex.org/W2774822674","https://openalex.org/W2791897765","https://openalex.org/W2793294289","https://openalex.org/W2802815569","https://openalex.org/W2891234472","https://openalex.org/W2910133162","https://openalex.org/W2912452116","https://openalex.org/W2912686856","https://openalex.org/W2914443510","https://openalex.org/W2949872449","https://openalex.org/W2962936633","https://openalex.org/W2963748097","https://openalex.org/W2963919031","https://openalex.org/W2992698414","https://openalex.org/W3009233884","https://openalex.org/W3023222955","https://openalex.org/W3102641634","https://openalex.org/W3104219039","https://openalex.org/W4226054531","https://openalex.org/W4235935333","https://openalex.org/W4297984052","https://openalex.org/W4299519465","https://openalex.org/W6679686813"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2417432647","https://openalex.org/W2371114124","https://openalex.org/W2168950483","https://openalex.org/W1858324360","https://openalex.org/W1975110769","https://openalex.org/W2378535610","https://openalex.org/W2393825039","https://openalex.org/W4213029470","https://openalex.org/W2798951784","https://openalex.org/W657803122"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multilevel":[0],"optimization":[1,52,128],"aims":[2],"at":[3],"reducing":[4],"the":[5,22,38,48,68,74,101,109,114,126,162],"cost":[6],"of":[7,21,43,50,56,67,73,82,100,108,113,125,161],"executing":[8],"a":[9,26,54,64,77,83,105,111,121,138],"target":[10],"network-based":[11],"algorithm":[12],"by":[13,37],"exploiting":[14],"coarsened,":[15],"i.e.,":[16],"reduced":[17],"or":[18,70,164],"simplified,":[19],"versions":[20],"network.":[23],"There":[24],"is":[25],"growing":[27],"interest":[28],"in":[29,32,53,130,144,155,165,168],"multilevel":[30,51,127,147],"algorithms":[31],"networked":[33],"systems,":[34],"mostly":[35],"motivated":[36],"urge":[39],"for":[40],"solutions":[41,167],"capable":[42],"handling":[44],"large-scale":[45],"networks.":[46,132],"Notwithstanding":[47],"success":[49],"multitude":[55],"application":[57,85,170],"problems,":[58],"we":[59,90],"were":[60],"unable":[61],"to":[62,92,141,152],"find":[63],"representative":[65],"survey":[66,99,136],"state-of-the-art,":[69,110],"consistent":[71],"descriptions":[72],"method":[75,129,163],"as":[76,149,151],"general":[78],"theoretical":[79,123,157],"framework":[80,124],"independent":[81],"specific":[84],"domain.":[86],"In":[87],"this":[88,94],"article,":[89],"strive":[91],"fill":[93],"gap,":[95],"presenting":[96],"an":[97],"extensive":[98],"literature":[102],"that":[103],"contemplates":[104],"systematic":[106],"overview":[107],"panorama":[112],"historical":[115],"evolution":[116],"and":[117,120,158],"current":[118],"challenges,":[119],"formal":[122],"complex":[131],"We":[133],"believe":[134],"our":[135],"provides":[137],"useful":[139],"resource":[140],"individuals":[142],"interested":[143],"learning":[145],"about":[146],"strategies,":[148],"well":[150],"those":[153],"engaged":[154],"advancing":[156],"practical":[159],"aspects":[160],"developing":[166],"novel":[169],"domains.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2020-06-05T00:00:00"}
