{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3006523537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3378669","title":"Securing Cyber-Physical Social Interactions on Wrist-Worn Devices","display_name":"Securing Cyber-Physical Social Interactions on Wrist-Worn Devices","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3006523537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3378669","mag":"3006523537"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3378669","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3378669","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170502224","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-4859","issn":["1550-4859","1550-4867"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/41985/1/35842281_File000004_869236481_3_.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013564110","display_name":"Yiran Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1385-1480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiran Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software 8 C-FAIR, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software 8 C-FAIR, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081507644","display_name":"Bowen Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3755-4870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bowen Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Conventry, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3755-4870","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Conventry, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036424879","display_name":"Weitao Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9741-5912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weitao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060564734","display_name":"Chengwen Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0293-0781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengwen Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083707253","display_name":"Bo Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0781-9655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastleupon-Tyne, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastleupon-Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101414718","display_name":"Lizhen Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8262-8883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lizhen Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software 8 C-FAIR, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software 8 C-FAIR, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053684989","display_name":"Hongkai Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1159-090X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongkai Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Conventry, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Conventry, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.449,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91114663,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.826846718788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handshaking","display_name":"Handshaking","score":0.7544039487838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smartwatch","display_name":"Smartwatch","score":0.7530869841575623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eavesdropping","display_name":"Eavesdropping","score":0.6215314865112305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5616557598114014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.4849724769592285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.47644975781440735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.4532157778739929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handshake","display_name":"Handshake","score":0.4479297995567322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.42422378063201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4167366027832031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2448539435863495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22890356183052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.20002317428588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.18194580078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.15872955322265625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.826846718788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58861099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q548838","display_name":"Handshaking","level":2,"score":0.7544039487838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29794715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5362345","display_name":"Smartwatch","level":3,"score":0.7530869841575623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320769","display_name":"Eavesdropping","level":2,"score":0.6215314865112305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5616557598114014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.4849724769592285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.47644975781440735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.4532157778739929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778000800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830043","display_name":"Handshake","level":3,"score":0.4479297995567322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.42422378063201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4167366027832031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2448539435863495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22890356183052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.20002317428588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.18194580078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.15872955322265625}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3378669","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3378669","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170502224","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-4859","issn":["1550-4859","1550-4867"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nrl.northumbria.ac.uk:41985","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/41985/1/35842281_File000004_869236481_3_.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401884","display_name":"Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","host_organization_name":"Northumbria University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:171674","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/171674/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:nrl.northumbria.ac.uk:41985","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/41985/1/35842281_File000004_869236481_3_.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401884","display_name":"Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","host_organization_name":"Northumbria University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1333446516","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"91846205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1596450671","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702133","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2934033601","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702133, 91846205,61972263","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327720","funder_display_name":"Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327720","display_name":"Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3006523537.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3006523537.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1564953292","https://openalex.org/W1573663511","https://openalex.org/W1614137482","https://openalex.org/W1968747446","https://openalex.org/W2013405390","https://openalex.org/W2113445132","https://openalex.org/W2119012490","https://openalex.org/W2136447324","https://openalex.org/W2156186849","https://openalex.org/W2165460079","https://openalex.org/W2197992196","https://openalex.org/W2207874720","https://openalex.org/W2242891552","https://openalex.org/W2249590530","https://openalex.org/W2302748625","https://openalex.org/W2336558877","https://openalex.org/W2337546824","https://openalex.org/W2337625268","https://openalex.org/W2339983268","https://openalex.org/W2339997970","https://openalex.org/W2344680582","https://openalex.org/W2394749714","https://openalex.org/W2580028016","https://openalex.org/W2607326971","https://openalex.org/W2613082162","https://openalex.org/W2749201085","https://openalex.org/W2777559251","https://openalex.org/W2793827260","https://openalex.org/W2910499823","https://openalex.org/W2963907129","https://openalex.org/W3103224673","https://openalex.org/W3122610369","https://openalex.org/W4254402755"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2347296673","https://openalex.org/W2521973011","https://openalex.org/W2036690923","https://openalex.org/W2061563403","https://openalex.org/W2019002109","https://openalex.org/W3163080401","https://openalex.org/W2050141676","https://openalex.org/W344978372","https://openalex.org/W2622857480","https://openalex.org/W2172561671"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"ancient":[1],"Greece,":[2],"handshaking":[3,94,203],"has":[4],"been":[5],"commonly":[6],"practiced":[7],"between":[8,42,135],"two":[9,59,63],"people":[10],"as":[11,101],"a":[12,22,83,128,139],"friendly":[13],"gesture":[14],"to":[15,37,58,112,126,172,211,261],"express":[16],"trust":[17],"and":[18,74,106,143,186,208,258],"respect,":[19],"or":[20,103,157,223],"form":[21],"mutual":[23],"agreement.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26],"article,":[27],"we":[28],"show":[29,247],"that":[30,53,190,248],"such":[31,100],"physical":[32],"contact":[33,41,151],"can":[34,122,192,254],"be":[35,123,255],"used":[36,125],"bootstrap":[38],"secure":[39,129],"cyber":[40],"the":[43,62,67,96,108,170,178,235,249,265],"smart":[44,98],"devices":[45,99],"worn":[46],"by":[47],"users.":[48],"The":[49,119],"key":[50,85,180,251],"observation":[51],"is":[52,209,240,259],"during":[54,92],"handshaking,":[55],"although":[56],"belonged":[57],"different":[60,212],"users,":[61],"hands":[64],"involved":[65],"in":[66,232],"shaking":[68],"events":[69],"are":[70],"often":[71],"rigidly":[72],"connected,":[73],"therefore":[75],"exhibit":[76],"very":[77],"similar":[78],"motion":[79,90,110],"patterns.":[80],"We":[81,176,245],"propose":[82],"novel":[84],"generation":[86,181,252],"system,":[87],"which":[88],"harvests":[89],"data":[91,134],"user":[93],"from":[95],"wrist-worn":[97],"smartwatches":[102,267],"fitness":[104],"bands,":[105],"exploits":[107],"matching":[109],"patterns":[111],"generate":[113,194],"symmetric":[114,196],"keys":[115,121,197],"on":[116,154,183,243,264],"both":[117],"parties.":[118],"generated":[120],"then":[124],"establish":[127],"communication":[130],"channel":[131],"for":[132,146,227],"exchanging":[133],"devices.":[136],"This":[137],"provides":[138],"much":[140],"more":[141],"natural":[142],"user-friendly":[144],"alternative":[145],"many":[147],"applications,":[148],"e.g.,":[149],"exchanging/sharing":[150],"details,":[152],"friending":[153],"social":[155],"networks,":[156],"even":[158],"making":[159],"payments,":[160],"since":[161],"it":[162,191],"doesn\u2019t":[163],"involve":[164],"extra":[165],"bespoke":[166],"hardware,":[167],"nor":[168],"require":[169],"users":[171],"perform":[173],"pre-defined":[174],"gestures.":[175],"implement":[177],"proposed":[179,250],"system":[182,253],"off-the-shelf":[184],"smartwatches,":[185],"extensive":[187],"evaluation":[188],"shows":[189],"reliably":[193],"128-bit":[195],"just":[198],"after":[199],"around":[200],"1s":[201],"of":[202,214],"(with":[204],"success":[205],"rate":[206],"&gt;99%),":[207],"resilient":[210],"types":[213],"attacks":[215],"including":[216],"impersonate":[217,220,229],"mimicking":[218,230],"attacks,":[219,222,231],"passive":[221],"eavesdropping":[224],"attacks.":[225],"Specifically,":[226],"real-time":[228],"our":[233],"experiments,":[234],"Equal":[236],"Error":[237],"Rate":[238],"(EER)":[239],"only":[241],"1.6%":[242],"average.":[244],"also":[246],"extremely":[256],"lightweight":[257],"able":[260],"run":[262],"in-situ":[263],"resource-constrained":[266],"without":[268],"incurring":[269],"excessive":[270],"resource":[271],"consumption.":[272]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
