{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3010910933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3378163","title":"How Secure Is Split Manufacturing in Preventing Hardware Trojan?","display_name":"How Secure Is Split Manufacturing in Preventing Hardware Trojan?","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3010910933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3378163","mag":"3010910933"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3378163","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3378163","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105046310","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","issn_l":"1084-4309","issn":["1084-4309","1557-7309"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101761943","display_name":"Yajun Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5713-0103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yajun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100452405","display_name":"Zhang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8582-1024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100390834","display_name":"Yuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9572-4738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062800747","display_name":"Tsung-Yi Ho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7348-5625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN","TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsung-Yi Ho","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017464942","display_name":"Yier Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8791-0597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yier Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida, Orlando"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida, Orlando","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081772659","display_name":"Pingqiang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9515-9302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pingqiang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3604,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79663731,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9706000089645386,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8572874665260315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trojan","display_name":"Trojan","score":0.832746684551239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-trojan","display_name":"Hardware Trojan","score":0.7138652205467224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6131442785263062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulated-annealing","display_name":"Simulated annealing","score":0.6063509583473206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outsourcing","display_name":"Outsourcing","score":0.5952685475349426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pruning","display_name":"Pruning","score":0.5494427680969238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.44352179765701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.33367836475372314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.320870578289032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.16038453578948975}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8572874665260315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174333608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19635","display_name":"Trojan","level":2,"score":0.832746684551239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780873074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5656397","display_name":"Hardware Trojan","level":3,"score":0.7138652205467224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6131442785263062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126980161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863783","display_name":"Simulated annealing","level":2,"score":0.6063509583473206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46934059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61515","display_name":"Outsourcing","level":2,"score":0.5952685475349426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108010975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500094","display_name":"Pruning","level":2,"score":0.5494427680969238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.44352179765701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.33367836475372314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.320870578289032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.16038453578948975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3378163","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3378163","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105046310","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","issn_l":"1084-4309","issn":["1084-4309","1557-7309"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W57952280","https://openalex.org/W1482046022","https://openalex.org/W1900069412","https://openalex.org/W2064541558","https://openalex.org/W2112173236","https://openalex.org/W2135211381","https://openalex.org/W2135665983","https://openalex.org/W2140904634","https://openalex.org/W2404942596","https://openalex.org/W2566529203","https://openalex.org/W2612718941","https://openalex.org/W2739579953","https://openalex.org/W2783429502","https://openalex.org/W2911099519","https://openalex.org/W2913060349","https://openalex.org/W2913176804","https://openalex.org/W4251276814","https://openalex.org/W4294881123"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385434494","https://openalex.org/W3159333627","https://openalex.org/W3004467197","https://openalex.org/W1500594134","https://openalex.org/W2091750459","https://openalex.org/W4328053173","https://openalex.org/W2999465529","https://openalex.org/W3084939900","https://openalex.org/W2382172865","https://openalex.org/W1526642037"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,17,26,71,82,97],"trend":[2],"of":[3,99],"outsourcing":[4],"fabrication,":[5],"split":[6,38],"manufacturing":[7,39],"is":[8,40],"regarded":[9],"as":[10],"a":[11,45,55,58,64,77],"promising":[12],"way":[13],"to":[14],"both":[15],"acquire":[16],"high-end":[18],"nodes":[19],"in":[20,32],"untrusted":[21],"external":[22],"foundries":[23],"and":[24],"protect":[25],"design":[27],"from":[28,86],"potential":[29],"attackers.":[30],"However,":[31],"this":[33],"article,":[34],"we":[35],"show":[36,96],"that":[37,44],"not":[41],"inherently":[42],"secure,":[43],"hardware":[46],"Trojan":[47],"attacker":[48],"can":[49],"still":[50],"recover":[51],"necessary":[52],"information":[53],"with":[54,63],"proximity-based":[56],"or":[57,66],"simulated-annealing-based":[59],"mapping":[60],"approach":[61,79],"together":[62],"probability-based":[65],"net-based":[67],"pruning":[68],"method":[69],"at":[70],"placement":[72],"level.":[73],"We":[74],"further":[75],"propose":[76],"defense":[78],"by":[80],"moving":[81],"insecure":[83],"gates":[84],"away":[85],"their":[87],"easily":[88],"attacked":[89],"candidate":[90],"locations.":[91],"Results":[92],"on":[93],"benchmark":[94],"circuits":[95],"effectiveness":[98],"our":[100],"proposed":[101],"methods.":[102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}