{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3046532218","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3377929.3398097","title":"A scikit-learn compatible learning classifier system","display_name":"A scikit-learn compatible learning classifier system","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3046532218","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3377929.3398097","mag":"3046532218"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3377929.3398097","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3377929.3398097","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086039018","display_name":"Robert F. Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1839-0604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36788626","display_name":"California University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/01spssf70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert F. Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023718023","display_name":"Ryan J. Urbanowicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0487-5555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan J. Urbanowicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086039018"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3256,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84816968,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1816","last_page":"1823"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11663","display_name":"Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects","score":0.9801999926567078,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6575373411178589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python","display_name":"Python (programming language)","score":0.6308046579360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.561220645904541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5374771356582642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.45685842633247375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.44674575328826904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-programming","display_name":"Genetic programming","score":0.42731550335884094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.16456115245819092}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6575373411178589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.6308046579360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.561220645904541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5374771356582642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.45685842633247375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.44674575328826904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.42731550335884094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.16456115245819092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3377929.3398097","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3377929.3398097","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W162220251","https://openalex.org/W2031594824","https://openalex.org/W2041915825","https://openalex.org/W2137481367","https://openalex.org/W2148078825","https://openalex.org/W2746353786","https://openalex.org/W2997591727","https://openalex.org/W4251529983"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2341492732","https://openalex.org/W3187193180","https://openalex.org/W106542691","https://openalex.org/W4287027380","https://openalex.org/W1699080303","https://openalex.org/W4297799326","https://openalex.org/W3116064965","https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W3193760048","https://openalex.org/W4214505573"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Parallel":[0],"to":[1,34,37,47,63,75,99,102,117,175,181],"genetic":[2,5],"algorithms":[3,53,123],"and":[4,25,46,60,69,120,134,156,162],"programming,":[6],"the":[7,83,92,136,160,192],"evolutionary":[8],"computation":[9],"(EC)":[10],"sub-field":[11],"of":[12,22,44,82,95,164,194],"learning":[13,51],"classifier":[14],"systems":[15],"(LCS)":[16],"has":[17,111],"been":[18],"an":[19,178],"active":[20],"area":[21],"research,":[23],"development,":[24],"application.":[26],"LCSs":[27,65],"are":[28],"best":[29],"known":[30],"for":[31,73,89,191],"their":[32],"ability":[33],"flexibly":[35],"adapt":[36],"perform":[38],"well":[39,187],"on":[40,54],"a":[41,113,125,147,189],"wide":[42],"range":[43],"problems,":[45],"outperform":[48],"other":[49,76,103,195],"machine":[50],"(ML)":[52],"problems":[55],"characterized":[56],"as":[57,177,186,188],"being":[58],"complex":[59],"heterogeneous.":[61],"However,":[62],"date":[64],"remain":[66],"poorly":[67],"recognized":[68],"thus":[70],"rarely":[71],"considered":[72],"comparison":[74],"ML":[77,105,122,184],"approaches":[78],"in":[79,124],"or":[80],"outside":[81],"EC":[84],"community.":[85],"One":[86],"likely":[87],"reason":[88],"this":[90,130,165],"is":[91,146],"general":[93],"lack":[94],"easy-to-use":[96],"LCS":[97,138,151,198],"implementations":[98],"facilitate":[100,182],"comparisons":[101],"well-known":[104],"approaches.":[106],"The":[107,143],"Python-based":[108],"scikit-learn":[109,139,196],"library":[110],"become":[112],"very":[114],"popular":[115],"way":[116],"implement,":[118],"utilize,":[119],"compare":[121],"simple,":[126],"uniform":[127],"manner.":[128],"In":[129],"work,":[131],"we":[132],"develop":[133],"evaluate":[135],"first":[137],"package,":[140],"called":[141],"scikit-eLCS.":[142],"scikit-eLCS":[144,174],"algorithm":[145],"modern":[148],"Michigan-style":[149],"supervised-learning":[150],"descended":[152],"from":[153],"eLCS,":[154],"UCS,":[155],"XCS.":[157],"We":[158,172],"demonstrate":[159],"efficacy":[161],"capabilities":[163],"package":[166],"over":[167],"benchmark":[168,180],"n-bit":[169],"multiplexer":[170],"problems.":[171],"expect":[173],"serve":[176],"algorithmic":[179],"future":[183],"comparisons,":[185],"blueprint":[190],"implementation":[193],"compatible":[197],"algorithms.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
