{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3046267030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3377929.3389983","title":"Counterexample-driven genetic programming without formal specifications","display_name":"Counterexample-driven genetic programming without formal specifications","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3046267030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3377929.3389983","mag":"3046267030"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3377929.3389983","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3377929.3389983","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083108240","display_name":"Thomas Helmuth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2330-6809"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188592606","display_name":"Hamilton College","ror":"https://ror.org/05709zb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188592606"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Helmuth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hamilton College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hamilton College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188592606"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044142640","display_name":"Lee Spector","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5299-4797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47631775","display_name":"Hampshire College","ror":"https://ror.org/03pe1mm80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47631775"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee Spector","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hampshire College, and U. Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hampshire College, and U. Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47631775"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044538049","display_name":"Edward Pantridge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0535-5268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120739","display_name":"Stichting Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek het Oogziekenhuis","ror":"https://ror.org/02kctrc72","country_code":"NL","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120739"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward Pantridge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swoop"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swoop","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120739"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.345,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57680331,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"239","last_page":"240"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9793999791145325,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9771999716758728,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterexample","display_name":"Counterexample","score":0.8754655122756958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7774084806442261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-programming","display_name":"Genetic programming","score":0.7353154420852661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-methods","display_name":"Formal methods","score":0.7112548351287842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbolic-regression","display_name":"Symbolic regression","score":0.6940463185310364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-specification","display_name":"Formal specification","score":0.5808754563331604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.49005281925201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-verification","display_name":"Formal verification","score":0.42946115136146545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statement","display_name":"Statement (logic)","score":0.41223621368408203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.36439913511276245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3482164740562439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.33195334672927856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1022186279296875}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162838799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q596077","display_name":"Counterexample","level":2,"score":0.8754655122756958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7774084806442261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.7353154420852661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75606506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049183","display_name":"Formal methods","level":2,"score":0.7112548351287842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776400721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18171762","display_name":"Symbolic regression","level":3,"score":0.6940463185310364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116253237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437424","display_name":"Formal specification","level":2,"score":0.5808754563331604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.49005281925201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.42946115136146545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777026412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2684591","display_name":"Statement (logic)","level":2,"score":0.41223621368408203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.36439913511276245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3482164740562439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.33195334672927856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1022186279296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3377929.3389983","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3377929.3389983","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4317495281","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1617087","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315254","funder_display_name":"Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315254","display_name":"Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978661986","https://openalex.org/W1980900887","https://openalex.org/W2733964674","https://openalex.org/W2803418411","https://openalex.org/W2865644289","https://openalex.org/W2954765142","https://openalex.org/W3023345483"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2968285896","https://openalex.org/W2381504162","https://openalex.org/W1567571923","https://openalex.org/W2472646430","https://openalex.org/W2610450612","https://openalex.org/W2549153708","https://openalex.org/W2897801744","https://openalex.org/W2147355282","https://openalex.org/W2394133867","https://openalex.org/W1662819506"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Counterexample-driven":[0],"genetic":[1],"programming":[2],"(CDGP)":[3],"uses":[4],"specifications":[5],"provided":[6],"as":[7],"formal":[8,30,59],"constraints":[9,31],"in":[10],"order":[11],"to":[12,18,28,36,71],"generate":[13],"the":[14,20,45,63],"training":[15,34,56],"cases":[16],"used":[17],"evaluate":[19],"evolving":[21],"programs.":[22],"It":[23],"has":[24],"also":[25,50],"been":[26],"extended":[27],"combine":[29],"and":[32],"user-provided":[33,55],"data":[35],"solve":[37],"symbolic":[38],"regression":[39],"problems.":[40,74],"Here":[41],"we":[42],"show":[43],"how":[44],"ideas":[46],"underlying":[47],"CDGP":[48],"can":[49],"be":[51],"applied":[52],"using":[53],"only":[54],"data,":[57],"without":[58],"specifications.":[60],"We":[61],"demonstrate":[62],"application":[64],"of":[65],"this":[66],"method,":[67],"called":[68],"\"informal":[69],"CDGP,\"":[70],"software":[72],"synthesis":[73]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
