{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3014091620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3376924","title":"Kernel Normalised Least Mean Squares with Delayed Model Adaptation","display_name":"Kernel Normalised Least Mean Squares with Delayed Model Adaptation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3014091620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3376924","mag":"3014091620"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3376924","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3376924","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112809824","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","issn_l":"1936-7406","issn":["1936-7406","1936-7414"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028349760","display_name":"Nicholas J. Fraser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7186-4189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas J. Fraser","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107994859","display_name":"Philip H. W. Leong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3923-3499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip H. W. Leong","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028349760"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03614393,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11233","display_name":"Advanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11233","display_name":"Advanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7983881235122681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.6562023162841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5060316920280457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4993746280670166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/least-mean-squares-filter","display_name":"Least mean squares filter","score":0.4852287769317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.4523719549179077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/least-squares-function-approximation","display_name":"Least-squares function approximation","score":0.44716960191726685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4180350601673126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-filter","display_name":"Adaptive filter","score":0.3883366584777832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1306038498878479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12813767790794373}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7983881235122681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6562023162841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5060316920280457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4993746280670166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32617633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426666","display_name":"Least mean squares filter","level":3,"score":0.4852287769317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.4523719549179077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9936470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510405","display_name":"Least-squares function approximation","level":3,"score":0.44716960191726685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4180350601673126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102248274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168388","display_name":"Adaptive filter","level":2,"score":0.3883366584777832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1306038498878479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12813767790794373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3376924","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3376924","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112809824","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","issn_l":"1936-7406","issn":["1936-7406","1936-7414"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492221128","https://openalex.org/W1564803313","https://openalex.org/W1819447595","https://openalex.org/W1902934009","https://openalex.org/W1983394510","https://openalex.org/W1986280275","https://openalex.org/W1989584178","https://openalex.org/W1990120213","https://openalex.org/W2016015925","https://openalex.org/W2064872546","https://openalex.org/W2071393710","https://openalex.org/W2080978756","https://openalex.org/W2094631910","https://openalex.org/W2111406701","https://openalex.org/W2112498586","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2127961257","https://openalex.org/W2133133185","https://openalex.org/W2139320579","https://openalex.org/W2150621701","https://openalex.org/W2153290280","https://openalex.org/W2161629484","https://openalex.org/W2524048463","https://openalex.org/W2602816542","https://openalex.org/W2779013372","https://openalex.org/W2788014245","https://openalex.org/W2791255579","https://openalex.org/W2998993395","https://openalex.org/W3143835353","https://openalex.org/W4253110186","https://openalex.org/W4256306241"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2287235845","https://openalex.org/W2051390178","https://openalex.org/W2586228848","https://openalex.org/W2081837274","https://openalex.org/W2253481662","https://openalex.org/W2357454918","https://openalex.org/W2189195857","https://openalex.org/W1998353256","https://openalex.org/W2370278301","https://openalex.org/W2079771791"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Kernel":[0],"adaptive":[1],"filters":[2,6],"(KAFs)":[3],"are":[4],"non-linear":[5,37],"which":[7,94,110],"can":[8,136],"adapt":[9],"temporally":[10],"and":[11,53,67,121,154,162],"have":[12,61],"the":[13,23,36,48,65,86,145,180],"additional":[14],"benefit":[15],"of":[16,22,29,69,82,165,179],"being":[17],"computationally":[18],"efficient":[19],"through":[20],"use":[21],"\u201ckernel":[24],"trick\u201d.":[25],"In":[26],"a":[27,96,163],"number":[28],"real-world":[30],"applications,":[31],"such":[32,46],"as":[33,47],"channel":[34],"equalisation,":[35],"mapping":[38],"provides":[39],"significant":[40],"improvements":[41],"over":[42],"conventional":[43],"linear":[44],"techniques":[45],"least":[49,55,89],"mean":[50,90],"squares":[51,56,91],"(LMS)":[52],"recursive":[54],"(RLS)":[57],"algorithms.":[58],"Prior":[59],"works":[60],"focused":[62],"mainly":[63],"on":[64,74,85,152,168],"theory":[66],"accuracy":[68,153],"KAFs,":[70],"with":[71,149,172],"little":[72],"research":[73],"their":[75],"implementations.":[76],"This":[77],"article":[78],"proposes":[79,106],"several":[80],"variants":[81],"algorithms":[83,135],"based":[84],"kernel":[87],"normalised":[88],"(KNLMS)":[92],"algorithm":[93],"utilise":[95,111],"delayed":[97,113,132],"model":[98,114],"update":[99,115],"to":[100,116,141],"minimise":[101],"dependencies.":[102],"Subsequently,":[103],"this":[104,112],"work":[105],"corresponding":[107],"hardware":[108],"architectures":[109],"achieve":[117,137],"high":[118,127],"sample":[119],"rates":[120,139],"low":[122],"latency":[123],"while":[124],"also":[125],"providing":[126],"modelling":[128],"accuracy.":[129],"The":[130],"resultant":[131],"KNLMS":[133,147],"(DKNLMS)":[134],"clock":[138],"up":[140],"12\u00d7":[142],"higher":[143,174],"than":[144,176],"standard":[146],"algorithm,":[148],"minimal":[150],"impact":[151],"stability.":[155],"A":[156],"system":[157],"implementation":[158],"achieves":[159],"250":[160],"GOps/s":[161],"throughput":[164,175],"187.4":[166],"MHz":[167],"an":[169],"Ultra96":[170],"board":[171],"1.8\u00d7":[173],"previous":[177],"state":[178],"art.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
