{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3017601520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3376917","title":"A Survey of Profit Optimization Techniques for Cloud Providers","display_name":"A Survey of Profit Optimization Techniques for Cloud Providers","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3017601520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3376917","mag":"3017601520"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3376917","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3376917","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038448715","display_name":"Peijin Cong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9262-0407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peijin Cong","raw_affiliation_strings":["East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101446328","display_name":"Xu Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0803-8620"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guo Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042163232","display_name":"Tongquan Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7421-1711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tongquan Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087894632","display_name":"Keqin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5224-4048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327163397","display_name":"State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01q1z8k08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keqin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State University of New York, New York, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State University of New York, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038448715"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.7403,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97393215,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"35"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.8960512280464172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7859933972358704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profit","display_name":"Profit (economics)","score":0.6440191268920898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-provider","display_name":"Service provider","score":0.5492010116577148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revenue","display_name":"Revenue","score":0.5361077785491943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5344262719154358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profitability-index","display_name":"Profitability index","score":0.49970436096191406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-pricing","display_name":"Dynamic pricing","score":0.44517430663108826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.42486077547073364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing-security","display_name":"Cloud computing security","score":0.42450401186943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.22652271389961243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.20025816559791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.149835467338562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.12378928065299988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.08088278770446777}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.8960512280464172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7859933972358704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181622380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26911","display_name":"Profit (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6440191268920898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.5492010116577148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.5361077785491943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5344262719154358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129361004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2470236","display_name":"Profitability index","level":2,"score":0.49970436096191406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779391423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17009728","display_name":"Dynamic pricing","level":2,"score":0.44517430663108826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.42486077547073364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.42450401186943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.22652271389961243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.20025816559791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.149835467338562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.12378928065299988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.08088278770446777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3376917","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3376917","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2823754234","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61872147","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":100,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1525444182","https://openalex.org/W1539396372","https://openalex.org/W1580001677","https://openalex.org/W1973051101","https://openalex.org/W1977660759","https://openalex.org/W1982706268","https://openalex.org/W1983915551","https://openalex.org/W1990044368","https://openalex.org/W2000238032","https://openalex.org/W2009569367","https://openalex.org/W2013275264","https://openalex.org/W2015901364","https://openalex.org/W2020771539","https://openalex.org/W2021689699","https://openalex.org/W2039612281","https://openalex.org/W2048132753","https://openalex.org/W2048402506","https://openalex.org/W2048802752","https://openalex.org/W2048902731","https://openalex.org/W2049165903","https://openalex.org/W2056569455","https://openalex.org/W2058929311","https://openalex.org/W2062018697","https://openalex.org/W2079239128","https://openalex.org/W2083647394","https://openalex.org/W2083964859","https://openalex.org/W2087455320","https://openalex.org/W2088723799","https://openalex.org/W2099754385","https://openalex.org/W2109026747","https://openalex.org/W2112967454","https://openalex.org/W2116199450","https://openalex.org/W2119633057","https://openalex.org/W2120366615","https://openalex.org/W2120964770","https://openalex.org/W2126293855","https://openalex.org/W2134522095","https://openalex.org/W2138314086","https://openalex.org/W2139041001","https://openalex.org/W2140054687","https://openalex.org/W2153998850","https://openalex.org/W2160759477","https://openalex.org/W2170757999","https://openalex.org/W2171104217","https://openalex.org/W2263512615","https://openalex.org/W2268485818","https://openalex.org/W2281104701","https://openalex.org/W2291620186","https://openalex.org/W2297435753","https://openalex.org/W2378934329","https://openalex.org/W2394932100","https://openalex.org/W2407110432","https://openalex.org/W2476225473","https://openalex.org/W2485925600","https://openalex.org/W2489458957","https://openalex.org/W2495148628","https://openalex.org/W2499370860","https://openalex.org/W2506076606","https://openalex.org/W2516477161","https://openalex.org/W2518217277","https://openalex.org/W2521440666","https://openalex.org/W2524638957","https://openalex.org/W2535366121","https://openalex.org/W2556401543","https://openalex.org/W2568817620","https://openalex.org/W2586118222","https://openalex.org/W2588776859","https://openalex.org/W2590487735","https://openalex.org/W2591441959","https://openalex.org/W2591732478","https://openalex.org/W2594477028","https://openalex.org/W2597898076","https://openalex.org/W2729335256","https://openalex.org/W2730591764","https://openalex.org/W2734629956","https://openalex.org/W2734941459","https://openalex.org/W2737995575","https://openalex.org/W2754173916","https://openalex.org/W2754529710","https://openalex.org/W2755261367","https://openalex.org/W2756415604","https://openalex.org/W2775070688","https://openalex.org/W2789994870","https://openalex.org/W2792596678","https://openalex.org/W2792866491","https://openalex.org/W2793468272","https://openalex.org/W2804362162","https://openalex.org/W2805220021","https://openalex.org/W2805651432","https://openalex.org/W2808944558","https://openalex.org/W2833865287","https://openalex.org/W2884487343","https://openalex.org/W2887202608","https://openalex.org/W2905057216","https://openalex.org/W2908433520","https://openalex.org/W2963905123","https://openalex.org/W2964079725","https://openalex.org/W2995975607","https://openalex.org/W3101743077","https://openalex.org/W4231776953"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2186020809","https://openalex.org/W2074015482","https://openalex.org/W2020770733","https://openalex.org/W2991865111","https://openalex.org/W2083953603","https://openalex.org/W4234758324","https://openalex.org/W3176639503","https://openalex.org/W4321608377","https://openalex.org/W4318833568","https://openalex.org/W2728482758"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,20,34,101,114,133,140],"demand":[2],"for":[3,55,104,116,129],"computing":[4,8,21],"resources":[5,22,106],"grows,":[6],"cloud":[7,28,32,49,56,71,105,117,134,143,178],"becomes":[9],"more":[10,12],"and":[11,23,83,157,163],"popular":[13],"as":[14],"a":[15,46,52,61],"pay-as-you-go":[16],"model,":[17],"in":[18,45,132,165],"which":[19],"services":[24],"are":[25,135],"provided":[26],"to":[27,38,69,107,120,138,160],"users":[29],"efficiently.":[30],"For":[31],"providers,":[33],"typical":[35],"goal":[36],"is":[37,51,67,96],"maximize":[39,108],"their":[40],"profits.":[41],"However,":[42],"maximizing":[43],"profits":[44],"highly":[47],"competitive":[48],"market":[50],"huge":[53],"challenge":[54],"providers.":[57],"In":[58],"this":[59,111,170],"article,":[60],"survey":[62,171],"of":[63,91,142,155],"profit":[64,156,179],"optimization":[65,180],"techniques":[66,115],"proposed":[68],"increase":[70],"provider":[72],"profitability":[73],"through":[74],"service":[75,78,94],"quality":[76,95],"improvement,":[77],"pricing,":[79],"energy":[80],"consumption":[81],"reduction,":[82],"virtual":[84],"network":[85],"function":[86],"(VNF)":[87],"deployment.":[88],"The":[89],"strategy":[90,103],"improving":[92],"user":[93],"discussed":[97],"first,":[98],"followed":[99],"by":[100],"pricing":[102],"revenue.":[109],"Then,":[110],"article":[112],"summarizes":[113],"data":[118],"centers":[119],"reduce":[121,139],"server":[122],"power":[123],"consumption.":[124],"Finally,":[125],"various":[126],"heuristic":[127],"algorithms":[128],"VNF":[130],"deployment":[131],"further":[136],"described":[137],"cost":[141],"providers":[144],"while":[145],"maintaining":[146],"performance.":[147],"We":[148,168],"classify":[149],"research":[150],"works":[151],"based":[152],"on":[153],"components":[154],"methods":[158],"used":[159],"demonstrate":[161],"similarities":[162],"differences":[164],"these":[166],"studies.":[167],"hope":[169],"will":[172],"provide":[173],"researchers":[174],"with":[175],"insights":[176],"into":[177],"techniques.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}