{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3006789273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3376897.3377857","title":"Unveiling the Missed 4.5G Performance In the Wild","display_name":"Unveiling the Missed 4.5G Performance In the Wild","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3006789273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3376897.3377857","mag":"3006789273"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3376897.3377857","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3376897.3377857","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3376897.3377857","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st International Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3376897.3377857","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031954659","display_name":"Haotian Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0056-2444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haotian Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077430992","display_name":"Kai Ling","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Ling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087759668","display_name":"Junpeng Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9803-6268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junpeng Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059605898","display_name":"Chunyi Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2945-4981"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunyi Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6244,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66988129,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"86","last_page":"91"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.7544642090797424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7234541177749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.5026953220367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.47186940908432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sprint","display_name":"Sprint","score":0.46450942754745483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.42285045981407166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3972015678882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3713516592979431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2994369864463806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.15874597430229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.1441987156867981}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.7544642090797424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7234541177749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.5026953220367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.47186940908432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776868573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46855","display_name":"Sprint","level":2,"score":0.46450942754745483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.42285045981407166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3972015678882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3713516592979431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2994369864463806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.15874597430229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.1441987156867981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3376897.3377857","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3376897.3377857","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3376897.3377857","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st International Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3376897.3377857","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3376897.3377857","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3376897.3377857","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st International Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3691604743","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1750953","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5073121617","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1750953,CNS-1749049","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6560543938","display_name":"CAREER: Amplifying Intelligence in Mobile Networked Systems","funder_award_id":"1750953","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7313349730","display_name":"NeTS: Small: Collaborative Research: Configuration Management for Mobility Support in Cellular Networks","funder_award_id":"1749049","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3006789273.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3006789273.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2108068819","https://openalex.org/W2408823337","https://openalex.org/W2526496292","https://openalex.org/W2591261354","https://openalex.org/W2903338609","https://openalex.org/W2921548258"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2322263331","https://openalex.org/W1926641957","https://openalex.org/W2016000499","https://openalex.org/W790449367","https://openalex.org/W4302568799","https://openalex.org/W1482197907","https://openalex.org/W1550567184","https://openalex.org/W2950729840","https://openalex.org/W2156248763","https://openalex.org/W2291764513"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,62],"this":[1,36,63],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,65],"study":[4,111],"an":[5],"important,":[6],"yet":[7],"unexplored":[8],"problem":[9],"in":[10,24,78,86],"operational":[11],"cellular":[12,213],"networks:":[13],"How":[14],"close":[15],"is":[16,46,129,135,157],"the":[17,28,38,43,49,53,58,79,87,149,194,211],"actual":[18],"performance":[19,40,51,77,99,115,183],"each":[20],"mobile":[21],"device":[22,29,54],"gets":[23],"reality":[25],"from":[26],"what":[27],"could":[30],"have":[31,82,124],"got":[32],"at":[33,141],"best?":[34],"Fundamentally,":[35],"gauges":[37],"bridgeable":[39],"gap":[41],"for":[42,154],"device.":[44],"It":[45],"deemed":[47],"as":[48],"missed":[50,76,150,182],"because":[52],"fails":[55],"to":[56,94],"achieve":[57],"feasible,":[59],"higher":[60],"performance.":[61],"work,":[64],"report":[66],"our":[67,200],"preliminary":[68],"results":[69],"that":[70,210],"uncover,":[71],"quantify,":[72],"and":[73,96,119,137,173,208],"understand":[74],"such":[75,98,181],"wild.":[80],"We":[81,123,202],"conducted":[83],"extensive":[84],"measurements":[85],"small":[88],"city":[89],"of":[90],"West":[91],"Lafayette,":[92],"IN":[93],"quantify":[95],"analyze":[97,204],"gaps":[100],"over":[101],"four":[102,155],"top-tier":[103],"US":[104],"carriers,":[105],"all":[106],"running":[107],"4.5G":[108],"LTE-Advanced.":[109],"Our":[110],"shows":[112],"that,":[113,126],"significant":[114],"miss":[116],"indeed":[117],"happens":[118,120],"quite":[121],"frequently.":[122],"seen":[125],"downlink":[127],"throughput":[128,152],"merely":[130],"750":[131],"Kbps,":[132],"while":[133],"47Mbps":[134],"available":[136],"feasible":[138],"(60x":[139],"miss)":[140],"one":[142],"location;":[143],"At":[144],"more":[145],"than":[146,160],"20%":[147],"places,":[148],"data":[151],"(ratio)":[153],"carriers":[156],"no":[158],"less":[159],"30":[161],"Mbps":[162,166,170,175],"(7.4x,":[163],"AT&T),":[164],"22.6":[165],"(6.8x,":[167],"Verizon),":[168],"12.1":[169],"(6.9x,":[171],"T-Mobile)":[172],"25":[174],"(1.7x,":[176],"Sprint),":[177],"respectively.":[178],"Even":[179],"worse,":[180],"potentials":[184],"can":[185],"be":[186,220],"readily":[187],"reached":[188],"with":[189,193],"certain":[190],"operations":[191],"compatible":[192],"current":[195,212],"infrastructure":[196],"(as":[197],"confirmed":[198],"by":[199],"study).":[201],"further":[203],"its":[205],"root":[206],"cause,":[207],"conclude":[209],"practices":[214],"on":[215],"selecting":[216],"serving":[217],"cells":[218],"should":[219],"held":[221],"accountable.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
