{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3011775073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3375462.3375508","title":"Testing the reliability of inter-rater reliability","display_name":"Testing the reliability of inter-rater reliability","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3011775073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3375462.3375508","mag":"3011775073"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3375462.3375508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3375462.3375508","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3375462.3375508","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Learning Analytics & Knowledge","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3375462.3375508","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061166172","display_name":"Brendan Eagan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9189-1747"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brendan Eagan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin - Madison"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin - Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025416309","display_name":"Jais Brohinsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3582-2859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jais Brohinsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin - Madison"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin - Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100319490","display_name":"Jingyi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5837-4625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin - Madison"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin - Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043097802","display_name":"David Williamson Shaffer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9613-5740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Williamson Shaffer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin - Madison"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin - Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061166172"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4953,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86102115,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"454","last_page":"461"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13309","display_name":"Reliability and Agreement in Measurement","score":0.9696000218391418,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12574","display_name":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","score":0.9595000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.6650477647781372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.6478554010391235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.638659656047821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6359893083572388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inter-rater-reliability","display_name":"Inter-rater reliability","score":0.4953664541244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-i-and-type-ii-errors","display_name":"Type I and type II errors","score":0.44202885031700134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.42016810178756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.41781142354011536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.27017831802368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16803675889968872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16109946370124817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1410982310771942}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6650477647781372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.6478554010391235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.638659656047821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6359893083572388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61863361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q470749","display_name":"Inter-rater reliability","level":3,"score":0.4953664541244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40696583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989120","display_name":"Type I and type II errors","level":2,"score":0.44202885031700134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.42016810178756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.41781142354011536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.27017831802368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16803675889968872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16109946370124817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1410982310771942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7295720","display_name":"Rating scale","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3375462.3375508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3375462.3375508","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3375462.3375508","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Learning Analytics & Knowledge","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3375462.3375508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3375462.3375508","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3375462.3375508","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Learning Analytics & Knowledge","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2499627276","display_name":"Local Environmental Modeling: A Toolkit for Incorporating Place-Based Learning into Virtual Internships - A Scalable, Informal STEM Learning Environment","funder_award_id":"1713110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2709859535","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DRL-1661036, DRL-1713110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2935277187","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1661036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3009406806","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DRL-1713110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3272577041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DRL-1713110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306555","funder_display_name":"Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4558356734","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DRL-1661036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306555","funder_display_name":"Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4744744232","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DRL-1661036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306555","display_name":"Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/00hwxbz16"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309434","display_name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337368","display_name":"Division of Graduate Education","ror":"https://ror.org/00whkrf32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3011775073.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3011775073.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1444168786","https://openalex.org/W1979773093","https://openalex.org/W1994931507","https://openalex.org/W2020149915","https://openalex.org/W2053154970","https://openalex.org/W2103333826","https://openalex.org/W2106563064","https://openalex.org/W2141766660","https://openalex.org/W2145584390","https://openalex.org/W2159426623","https://openalex.org/W2166827970","https://openalex.org/W2796638028","https://openalex.org/W2885047664","https://openalex.org/W2885343160","https://openalex.org/W2886456318","https://openalex.org/W2887119515","https://openalex.org/W2939169013","https://openalex.org/W2963379709","https://openalex.org/W2965807777","https://openalex.org/W3005526988","https://openalex.org/W3157264849","https://openalex.org/W4238804190","https://openalex.org/W4399532577"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997597399","https://openalex.org/W1967059694","https://openalex.org/W3124297919","https://openalex.org/W2167816954","https://openalex.org/W2365664655","https://openalex.org/W2923540558","https://openalex.org/W2073642463","https://openalex.org/W1989174100","https://openalex.org/W2131915193","https://openalex.org/W4287601435"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Analyses":[0],"of":[1,11,80],"learning":[2],"often":[3],"rely":[4],"on":[5,44],"coded":[6],"data.":[7],"One":[8],"important":[9],"aspect":[10],"coding":[12,26,92],"is":[13,28,71],"establishing":[14,25,69,91],"reliability.":[15,93],"Previous":[16],"research":[17],"has":[18],"shown":[19],"that":[20,32,65],"the":[21,66,78],"common":[22],"approach":[23],"for":[24,68],"reliability":[27,55,70],"seriously":[29],"flawed":[30],"in":[31],"it":[33],"produces":[34],"unacceptably":[35],"high":[36],"Type":[37,85],"I":[38,86],"error":[39,50,87],"rates.":[40],"This":[41],"paper":[42],"focuses":[43],"testing":[45],"whether":[46],"or":[47,57],"not":[48,72],"these":[49],"rates":[51,88],"correspond":[52],"to":[53,83],"specific":[54],"metrics":[56],"a":[58],"larger":[59],"methodological":[60],"problem.":[61],"Our":[62],"results":[63],"show":[64],"method":[67],"metric":[73],"specific,":[74],"and":[75],"we":[76],"suggest":[77],"adoption":[79],"new":[81],"practices":[82],"control":[84],"associated":[89],"with":[90]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}