{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3042124235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3374218","title":"Progressive Disclosure","display_name":"Progressive Disclosure","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3042124235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3374218","mag":"3042124235"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3374218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3374218","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3374218","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173818","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2160-6455","issn":["2160-6455","2160-6463"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3374218","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047958198","display_name":"Aaron Springer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0547-972X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aaron Springer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075713144","display_name":"Steve Whittaker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3893-2551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steve Whittaker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Media, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Media, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047958198"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3882,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":70,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96849415,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"32"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.9617999792098999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.9462154507637024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delegate","display_name":"Delegate","score":0.741752564907074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7341291904449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.573776364326477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytics","display_name":"Analytics","score":0.4956265687942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4946419894695282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-design","display_name":"Systems design","score":0.4156331717967987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4071671962738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.34452658891677856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.21876472234725952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.1501941978931427}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.9462154507637024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143273055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2382794","display_name":"Delegate","level":2,"score":0.741752564907074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7341291904449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.573776364326477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79158427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485396","display_name":"Analytics","level":2,"score":0.4956265687942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4946419894695282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31352089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3750474","display_name":"Systems design","level":2,"score":0.4156331717967987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4071671962738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.34452658891677856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.21876472234725952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.1501941978931427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3374218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3374218","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3374218","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173818","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2160-6455","issn":["2160-6455","2160-6463"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3374218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3374218","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3374218","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173818","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2160-6455","issn":["2160-6455","2160-6463"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8727334445","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-1321102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3042124235.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3042124235.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557496348","https://openalex.org/W1963959269","https://openalex.org/W1966836840","https://openalex.org/W1973213502","https://openalex.org/W1976729764","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W1983122581","https://openalex.org/W1989630473","https://openalex.org/W1991015565","https://openalex.org/W2004912959","https://openalex.org/W2010158189","https://openalex.org/W2018493666","https://openalex.org/W2024575991","https://openalex.org/W2026805626","https://openalex.org/W2037451280","https://openalex.org/W2037646636","https://openalex.org/W2041545805","https://openalex.org/W2053075547","https://openalex.org/W2054788835","https://openalex.org/W2058971120","https://openalex.org/W2080441299","https://openalex.org/W2098162425","https://openalex.org/W2099697766","https://openalex.org/W2121557515","https://openalex.org/W2135639115","https://openalex.org/W2149033360","https://openalex.org/W2154157725","https://openalex.org/W2159361351","https://openalex.org/W2169294099","https://openalex.org/W2250511935","https://openalex.org/W2264742718","https://openalex.org/W2281090488","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2342147114","https://openalex.org/W2403343111","https://openalex.org/W2405896853","https://openalex.org/W2476960546","https://openalex.org/W2493343568","https://openalex.org/W2561412020","https://openalex.org/W2573660794","https://openalex.org/W2597001495","https://openalex.org/W2607719644","https://openalex.org/W2610904967","https://openalex.org/W2657631929","https://openalex.org/W2750268731","https://openalex.org/W2752099845","https://openalex.org/W2786004891","https://openalex.org/W2790505917","https://openalex.org/W2791041015","https://openalex.org/W2795530988","https://openalex.org/W2795561066","https://openalex.org/W2795737619","https://openalex.org/W2796239588","https://openalex.org/W2796410451","https://openalex.org/W2796522078","https://openalex.org/W2802935654","https://openalex.org/W2804604520","https://openalex.org/W2889612522","https://openalex.org/W2964326650","https://openalex.org/W4240224338","https://openalex.org/W4249091140","https://openalex.org/W4253418612","https://openalex.org/W4296978576","https://openalex.org/W4367298149"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2992240289","https://openalex.org/W3141203889","https://openalex.org/W2031284701","https://openalex.org/W2418771911","https://openalex.org/W3140622617","https://openalex.org/W2994187804","https://openalex.org/W2156039046","https://openalex.org/W2960441665","https://openalex.org/W2091948289","https://openalex.org/W2025937185"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1],"essential":[2],"that":[3,78,105,157,198,206],"users":[4,76,120,158,199,213],"understand":[5,45],"how":[6],"algorithmic":[7,142],"decisions":[8,16],"are":[9,110,159],"made,":[10],"as":[11],"we":[12],"increasingly":[13],"delegate":[14],"important":[15],"to":[17,33,43,48,51,62,149,163,168,185,190,225],"intelligent":[18,234],"systems.":[19,57],"Prior":[20],"work":[21],"has":[22],"often":[23],"taken":[24],"a":[25,79,122,175],"techno-centric":[26],"approach,":[27],"focusing":[28],"on":[29],"new":[30,227],"computational":[31],"techniques":[32],"support":[34],"transparency.":[35,150],"In":[36,73],"contrast,":[37],"this":[38,88,101],"article":[39],"employs":[40],"empirical":[41],"methods":[42,184],"better":[44,84],"user":[46,60,188],"reactions":[47,61,148,189],"transparent":[49,56,80],"systems":[50,235],"motivate":[52,191,226],"user-centric":[53],"designs":[54],"for":[55,100,231],"We":[58,221],"assess":[59],"transparency":[63,109,117,140,165,192,232],"feedback":[64,205],"in":[65,155,214,233],"four":[66],"studies":[67],"of":[68,108,124,177],"an":[69,98],"emotional":[70],"analytics":[71],"system.":[72,94],"Study":[74,95,144,153,180],"1,":[75],"anticipated":[77],"system":[81,171,178,209,219],"would":[82],"perform":[83],"but":[85],"unexpectedly":[86],"retracted":[87],"evaluation":[89],"after":[90],"experience":[91,169],"with":[92],"the":[93,106,114,125,130],"2":[96],"offers":[97],"explanation":[99],"paradox":[102],"by":[103],"showing":[104,156],"benefits":[107],"context":[111],"dependent.":[112],"On":[113,129],"one":[115],"hand,":[116,132],"can":[118],"help":[119],"form":[121],"model":[123,176],"underlying":[126],"algorithm's":[127],"operation.":[128,179,220],"other":[131],"positive":[133],"accuracy":[134],"perceptions":[135],"may":[136,200],"be":[137],"undermined":[138],"when":[139,173],"reveals":[141],"errors.":[143],"3":[145],"explored":[146],"real-time":[147,187],"Results":[151,195],"confirmed":[152],"2,":[154],"both":[160],"more":[161],"likely":[162],"consult":[164],"information":[166],"and":[167,211,236],"greater":[170],"insights":[172],"formulating":[174],"4":[181],"used":[182],"qualitative":[183],"explore":[186],"design":[193],"principles.":[194],"again":[196],"suggest":[197],"benefit":[201],"from":[202],"initially":[203],"simplified":[204],"hides":[207],"potential":[208],"errors":[210],"assists":[212],"building":[215],"working":[216],"heuristics":[217],"about":[218],"use":[222],"these":[223],"findings":[224],"progressive":[228],"disclosure":[229],"principles":[230],"discuss":[237],"theoretical":[238],"implications.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
