{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2999654147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3373718.3394772","title":"One-Clock Priced Timed Games are PSPACE-hard","display_name":"One-Clock Priced Timed Games are PSPACE-hard","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2999654147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3373718.3394772","mag":"2999654147"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3373718.3394772","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3373718.3394772","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 35th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.04458","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029623300","display_name":"John Fearnley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0791-4342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John Fearnley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, University of Liverpool"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, University of Liverpool","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072999400","display_name":"Rasmus Ibsen-Jensen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4783-0389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rasmus Ibsen-Jensen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, University of Liverpool"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, University of Liverpool","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084692264","display_name":"Rahul Savani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1262-7831"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahul Savani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, University of Liverpool"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, University of Liverpool","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029623300"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01419032,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"397","last_page":"409"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10991","display_name":"Game Theory and Voting Systems","score":0.9675999879837036,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12137","display_name":"Economic theories and models","score":0.9424999952316284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pspace","display_name":"PSPACE","score":0.8603723049163818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treewidth","display_name":"Treewidth","score":0.7445857524871826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5208721160888672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.49504390358924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exponential-function","display_name":"Exponential function","score":0.4281657040119171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.4210517108440399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3684622645378113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3349674940109253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.24181586503982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.24150022864341736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.1121949851512909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathwidth","display_name":"Pathwidth","score":0.10956287384033203}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197685441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500716","display_name":"PSPACE","level":3,"score":0.8603723049163818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132569581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5067368","display_name":"Treewidth","level":5,"score":0.7445857524871826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5208721160888672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.49504390358924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151376022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168698","display_name":"Exponential function","level":2,"score":0.4281657040119171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4210517108440399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3684622645378113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3349674940109253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.24181586503982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.24150022864341736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.1121949851512909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43517604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144893","display_name":"Pathwidth","level":4,"score":0.10956287384033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203776342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1378376","display_name":"Line graph","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3373718.3394772","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3373718.3394772","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 35th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2001.04458","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2001.04458","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.04458","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2999654147","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.04458.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2001.04458","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2001.04458","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2001.04458","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2001.04458","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.04458","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2999654147.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2999654147.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1560508321","https://openalex.org/W1573865009","https://openalex.org/W1582578515","https://openalex.org/W1599995366","https://openalex.org/W1602365600","https://openalex.org/W1607040248","https://openalex.org/W1641860851","https://openalex.org/W1750615905","https://openalex.org/W1802139950","https://openalex.org/W1973816382","https://openalex.org/W2053174510","https://openalex.org/W2056957549","https://openalex.org/W2065323166","https://openalex.org/W2081128931","https://openalex.org/W2115006640","https://openalex.org/W2120017028","https://openalex.org/W2121815516","https://openalex.org/W2142302828","https://openalex.org/W2219452381","https://openalex.org/W2294086291","https://openalex.org/W2903935047","https://openalex.org/W2951439219"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953234528","https://openalex.org/W2963401863","https://openalex.org/W3157063218","https://openalex.org/W2129034237","https://openalex.org/W2098066196","https://openalex.org/W2951053368","https://openalex.org/W1963571124","https://openalex.org/W2767722150","https://openalex.org/W2119670089","https://openalex.org/W2394773788","https://openalex.org/W2000819002","https://openalex.org/W3100414354","https://openalex.org/W2604991782","https://openalex.org/W2071416505","https://openalex.org/W25732316","https://openalex.org/W3178639145","https://openalex.org/W2883927050","https://openalex.org/W2168763379","https://openalex.org/W2952292770","https://openalex.org/W2963968150"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"main":[1],"result":[2],"of":[3,11,27,34,45,58,69],"this":[4],"paper":[5],"is":[6,18],"that":[7,29],"computing":[8],"the":[9,21],"value":[10],"a":[12,25,56],"one-clock":[13],"priced":[14],"timed":[15],"game":[16],"(OCPTG)":[17],"PSPACE-hard.":[19],"Along":[20],"way,":[22],"we":[23,54],"provide":[24,55],"family":[26],"OCPTGs":[28,70],"have":[30],"an":[31],"exponential":[32],"number":[33,57],"event":[35],"points.":[36],"Both":[37],"results":[38],"hold":[39],"even":[40,65],"in":[41],"very":[42],"restricted":[43,67],"classes":[44,68],"games":[46],"such":[47,71],"as":[48,72],"DAGs":[49],"with":[50],"treewidth":[51],"three.":[52],"Finally,":[53],"positive":[59],"results,":[60],"including":[61],"polynomial-time":[62],"algorithms":[63],"for":[64],"more":[66],"trees.":[73]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}