{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3007385930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3373376.3378501","title":"Optimus Prime: Accelerating Data Transformation in Servers","display_name":"Optimus Prime: Accelerating Data Transformation in Servers","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3007385930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3373376.3378501","mag":"3007385930"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3373376.3378501","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3373376.3378501","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/274129/files/asplos20-op-pourhabibi-acm.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008746904","display_name":"Arash Pourhabibi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9214-5981"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arash Pourhabibi","raw_affiliation_strings":["EcoCloud, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EcoCloud, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033861532","display_name":"Siddharth Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6165-9461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siddharth Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["EcoCloud, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EcoCloud, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024339891","display_name":"Hussein Kassir","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hussein Kassir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zurich Instruments, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zurich Instruments, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074144480","display_name":"Mark Sutherland","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Sutherland","raw_affiliation_strings":["EcoCloud, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EcoCloud, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058743322","display_name":"Zilu Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4069-3345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zilu Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["EcoCloud, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EcoCloud, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089926912","display_name":"Mario Drumond","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1981-3525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario Paulo Drumond","raw_affiliation_strings":["EcoCloud, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EcoCloud, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057697787","display_name":"Babak Falsafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5916-8068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Babak Falsafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["EcoCloud, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EcoCloud, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101903922","display_name":"Christoph Koch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9130-7205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Koch","raw_affiliation_strings":["EcoCloud, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EcoCloud, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008746904"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.0699,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97491678,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1203","last_page":"1216"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8365358114242554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5609435439109802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microservices","display_name":"Microservices","score":0.5527851581573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5505688786506653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.5421425104141235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.536564290523529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.468982994556427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.457450807094574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infiniband","display_name":"InfiniBand","score":0.4124069809913635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.36358577013015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.17303365468978882}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8365358114242554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5609435439109802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778505942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18344624","display_name":"Microservices","level":3,"score":0.5527851581573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5505688786506653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.5421425104141235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.536564290523529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.468982994556427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.457450807094574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781030343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922437","display_name":"InfiniBand","level":2,"score":0.4124069809913635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.36358577013015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.17303365468978882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3373376.3378501","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3373376.3378501","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:274129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/274129/files/asplos20-op-pourhabibi-acm.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference proceedings"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:274129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/274129/files/asplos20-op-pourhabibi-acm.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference proceedings"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3001980077","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017-47,","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308943","funder_display_name":"Microsoft Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307904","display_name":"Oracle","ror":"https://ror.org/006c77m33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308943","display_name":"Microsoft Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95608104","https://openalex.org/W1969648707","https://openalex.org/W2031844067","https://openalex.org/W2060204338","https://openalex.org/W2062949766","https://openalex.org/W2096864363","https://openalex.org/W2164740236","https://openalex.org/W2398646962","https://openalex.org/W2597880136","https://openalex.org/W2744387122","https://openalex.org/W2761028280","https://openalex.org/W2764278297","https://openalex.org/W2794667765","https://openalex.org/W2794792734","https://openalex.org/W2798687276","https://openalex.org/W2803197428","https://openalex.org/W2829007944","https://openalex.org/W2904726211","https://openalex.org/W2931122162","https://openalex.org/W2963128714","https://openalex.org/W3123868845","https://openalex.org/W4206802316","https://openalex.org/W4232973962","https://openalex.org/W4234145171","https://openalex.org/W4240591052"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2406331183","https://openalex.org/W2363988059","https://openalex.org/W4210334847","https://openalex.org/W1939358748","https://openalex.org/W2053215237","https://openalex.org/W4367181468","https://openalex.org/W2792231649","https://openalex.org/W1995426833","https://openalex.org/W2613555492","https://openalex.org/W3150273738"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modern":[0],"online":[1],"services":[2],"are":[3],"shifting":[4],"away":[5],"from":[6],"monolithic":[7],"applications":[8],"to":[9,32,50,85,102,131,157],"loosely-coupled":[10],"microservices":[11,150],"because":[12],"of":[13,54,122,137,149],"their":[14,39],"improved":[15],"scalability,":[16],"reliability,":[17],"programmability":[18],"and":[19,36,64,97,125,142,154],"development":[20],"velocity.":[21],"Microservices":[22],"communicating":[23],"over":[24],"the":[25,55,104,119,138],"datacenter":[26],"network":[27,65],"require":[28],"data":[29],"transformation":[30],"(DT)":[31],"convert":[33],"messages":[34],"back":[35],"forth":[37],"between":[38],"internal":[40],"formats.":[41],"This":[42],"work":[43],"identifies":[44],"DT":[45,75,87,95,116],"as":[46],"a":[47,73,79,107,134,147],"bottleneck":[48],"due":[49],"reductions":[51],"in":[52,109,160],"latency":[53],"surrounding":[56],"system":[57],"components,":[58],"namely":[59],"application":[60],"runtimes,":[61],"protocol":[62],"stacks,":[63],"hardware.":[66],"We":[67,144],"therefore":[68],"propose":[69],"Optimus":[70],"Prime":[71],"(OP),":[72],"programmable":[74],"accelerator":[76,101],"that":[77,114],"uses":[78],"novel":[80],"abstraction,":[81],"an":[82],"in-memory":[83],"schema,":[84],"represent":[86],"operations.":[88],"The":[89],"schema":[90],"is":[91],"compatible":[92],"with":[93],"today's":[94,123],"frameworks":[96],"enables":[98],"any":[99],"compliant":[100],"perform":[103],"transformations":[105],"comprising":[106],"request":[108],"parallel.":[110],"Our":[111],"evaluation":[112],"shows":[113],"OP's":[115],"throughput":[117,129],"matches":[118],"line":[120],"rate":[121],"NICs":[124],"has":[126],"~60x":[127],"higher":[128],"compared":[130],"software,":[132],"at":[133],"tiny":[135],"fraction":[136],"CPU's":[139],"silicon":[140],"area":[141],"power.":[143],"also":[145],"evaluate":[146],"set":[148],"running":[151],"on":[152],"Thrift,":[153],"show":[155],"up":[156],"30%":[158],"reduction":[159],"service":[161],"latency.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}