{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3010835436","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3373376.3378482","title":"A Hypervisor for Shared-Memory FPGA Platforms","display_name":"A Hypervisor for Shared-Memory FPGA Platforms","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3010835436","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3373376.3378482","mag":"3010835436"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3373376.3378482","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3373376.3378482","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028350050","display_name":"Jiacheng Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9285-422X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiacheng Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059362890","display_name":"Gefei Zuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0861-5010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gefei Zuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074709213","display_name":"Kevin Loughlin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4647-3201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Loughlin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034206482","display_name":"Xiaohe Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9420-778X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohe Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101619452","display_name":"Yanqiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8343-7923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanqiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031473721","display_name":"Abel Mulugeta Eneyew","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129636","display_name":"Addis Ababa Science and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/02psd9228","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129636"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abel Mulugeta Eneyew","raw_affiliation_strings":["Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011323970","display_name":"Zhengwei Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2730-2319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengwei Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050964144","display_name":"Baris Kasikci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6122-8998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baris Kasikci","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028350050"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7795,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95192856,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"827","last_page":"844"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8138357400894165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.6496840715408325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.5717621445655823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5573754906654358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.4950188994407654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.4526415467262268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.37689632177352905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.36596351861953735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3320677578449249}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8138357400894165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.6496840715408325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.5717621445655823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5573754906654358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.4950188994407654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.4526415467262268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.37689632177352905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.36596351861953735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3320677578449249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3373376.3378482","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3373376.3378482","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-103149","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-103149","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ust.hk:1783.1-103149","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://gateway.isiknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS&KeyUT=000541369300053","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7257565656","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018-JU-2775","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","funder_display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/047z4n946"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307102","display_name":"Intel Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W114677020","https://openalex.org/W1636083713","https://openalex.org/W1925866415","https://openalex.org/W1972387588","https://openalex.org/W1980194681","https://openalex.org/W1988888548","https://openalex.org/W1990079240","https://openalex.org/W1997113918","https://openalex.org/W2003820904","https://openalex.org/W2009116444","https://openalex.org/W2041958163","https://openalex.org/W2043542037","https://openalex.org/W2080380374","https://openalex.org/W2088019204","https://openalex.org/W2103624880","https://openalex.org/W2107350738","https://openalex.org/W2112678088","https://openalex.org/W2117625898","https://openalex.org/W2133156997","https://openalex.org/W2143261129","https://openalex.org/W2148377166","https://openalex.org/W2150022482","https://openalex.org/W2279541644","https://openalex.org/W2284104857","https://openalex.org/W2287602312","https://openalex.org/W2330672121","https://openalex.org/W2492686975","https://openalex.org/W2542189141","https://openalex.org/W2562773490","https://openalex.org/W2583220202","https://openalex.org/W2585560244","https://openalex.org/W2586706017","https://openalex.org/W2604383488","https://openalex.org/W2604670770","https://openalex.org/W2613514830","https://openalex.org/W2724920573","https://openalex.org/W2751299506","https://openalex.org/W2754633698","https://openalex.org/W2767686507","https://openalex.org/W2786845740","https://openalex.org/W2787183097","https://openalex.org/W2807281109","https://openalex.org/W2887543563","https://openalex.org/W2888832568","https://openalex.org/W2925849311","https://openalex.org/W2944493598","https://openalex.org/W2945551429","https://openalex.org/W2978655370","https://openalex.org/W4214633034","https://openalex.org/W4248265791","https://openalex.org/W6735846575"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4244478748","https://openalex.org/W4223488648","https://openalex.org/W2134969820","https://openalex.org/W2251605416","https://openalex.org/W2560439919","https://openalex.org/W4389340727","https://openalex.org/W2258948885","https://openalex.org/W1967938402","https://openalex.org/W2386041993","https://openalex.org/W1608572506"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cloud":[0],"providers":[1,12],"widely":[2],"deploy":[3],"FPGAs":[4,17,33,64,84],"as":[5,149],"application-specific":[6],"accelerators":[7,43,75,171],"for":[8,57,82],"customer":[9],"use.":[10],"These":[11],"seek":[13],"to":[14,32,67,108],"multiplex":[15],"their":[16],"among":[18],"customers":[19],"via":[20],"virtualization,":[21],"thereby":[22],"reducing":[23],"running":[24],"costs.":[25],"Unfortunately,":[26],"most":[27],"virtualization":[28,80],"support":[29,68,81,154],"is":[30,85],"confined":[31],"that":[34,59,94,166],"expose":[35],"a":[36,69,126,132,150,173],"restrictive,":[37],"host-centric":[38,51],"programming":[39,71],"model":[40,52,72],"in":[41,73],"which":[42,74],"cannot":[44],"issue":[45,77],"direct":[46],"memory":[47],"accesses":[48],"(DMAs).":[49],"The":[50],"incurs":[53],"high":[54,127],"runtime":[55],"overhead":[56],"workloads":[58],"exhibit":[60],"pointer":[61],"chasing.":[62],"Thus,":[63],"are":[65],"beginning":[66],"shared-memory":[70,83,97],"can":[76],"DMAs.":[78],"However,":[79],"limited.":[86],"This":[87],"paper":[88],"presents":[89],"Optimus,":[90],"the":[91,122,143,178],"first":[92],"hypervisor":[93],"supports":[95,168],"scalable":[96],"FPGA":[98,175],"virtualization.":[99],"Optimus":[100,130,141,158,167],"offers":[101],"both":[102],"spatial":[103],"multiplexing":[104,107],"and":[105,111,176],"temporal":[106,156],"provide":[109],"efficient":[110],"flexible":[112],"sharing":[113],"of":[114,145,181],"each":[115,137],"accelerator":[116,161],"on":[117,172],"an":[118,160],"FPGA.":[119],"To":[120,135,153],"share":[121],"FPGA-CPU":[123],"interconnect":[124],"at":[125],"clock":[128],"frequency,":[129],"implements":[131],"multiplexer":[133],"tree.":[134],"isolate":[136],"guest's":[138],"address":[139],"space,":[140],"introduces":[142],"technique":[144],"page":[146],"table":[147],"slicing":[148],"hardware-software":[151],"co-design.":[152],"preemptive":[155],"multiplexing,":[157],"provides":[159],"preemption":[162],"interface.":[163],"We":[164],"show":[165],"eight":[169],"physical":[170],"single":[174],"improves":[177],"aggregate":[179],"throughput":[180],"twelve":[182],"real-world":[183],"benchmarks":[184],"by":[185],"1.98x-7x.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
