{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3041368961","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3372923.3404794","title":"The 'Fairness Doctrine' lives on?","display_name":"The 'Fairness Doctrine' lives on?","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3041368961","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3372923.3404794","mag":"3041368961"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3372923.3404794","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3372923.3404794","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3372923.3404794","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3372923.3404794","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034315380","display_name":"Anna Kawakami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6937-6370"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189731429","display_name":"Wellesley College","ror":"https://ror.org/01srpnj69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189731429"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anna Kawakami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189731429"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035353318","display_name":"Khonzoda Umarova","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189731429","display_name":"Wellesley College","ror":"https://ror.org/01srpnj69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189731429"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khonzoda Umarova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189731429"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050360223","display_name":"Dongchen Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8886-5548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongchen Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026626448","display_name":"Eni Mustafaraj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2243-5892"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189731429","display_name":"Wellesley College","ror":"https://ror.org/01srpnj69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189731429"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eni Mustafaraj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189731429"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034315380"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189731429"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5485,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91954992,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"59","last_page":"68"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13718","display_name":"Media Influence and Politics","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13718","display_name":"Media Influence and Politics","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10133","display_name":"Media Studies and Communication","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.7620732188224792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doctrine","display_name":"Doctrine","score":0.638619601726532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.5901625156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presidential-system","display_name":"Presidential system","score":0.5809437036514282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visibility","display_name":"Visibility","score":0.5418293476104736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.49498337507247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balance","display_name":"Balance (ability)","score":0.4576221704483032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presidential-election","display_name":"Presidential election","score":0.4279037117958069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising","display_name":"Advertising","score":0.39065200090408325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-studies","display_name":"Media studies","score":0.3847663104534149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3795205354690552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.34203803539276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.3381866216659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3237537741661072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.2694806456565857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.20972120761871338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.15802088379859924}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.7620732188224792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776211767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117850","display_name":"Doctrine","level":2,"score":0.638619601726532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5901625156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197487636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49892","display_name":"Presidential system","level":3,"score":0.5809437036514282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123403432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654068","display_name":"Visibility","level":2,"score":0.5418293476104736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.49498337507247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168031717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530280","display_name":"Balance (ability)","level":2,"score":0.4576221704483032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776129789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858439","display_name":"Presidential election","level":3,"score":0.4279037117958069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.39065200090408325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.3847663104534149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3795205354690552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.34203803539276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3381866216659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3237537741661072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2694806456565857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.20972120761871338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.15802088379859924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3372923.3404794","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3372923.3404794","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3372923.3404794","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3372923.3404794","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3372923.3404794","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3372923.3404794","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3041368961.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3041368961.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W617892351","https://openalex.org/W851267336","https://openalex.org/W1686065478","https://openalex.org/W2099865247","https://openalex.org/W2150597317","https://openalex.org/W2314284635","https://openalex.org/W2335549854","https://openalex.org/W2576785659","https://openalex.org/W2802551013","https://openalex.org/W2898883664","https://openalex.org/W2900099998","https://openalex.org/W2913081045","https://openalex.org/W2913295154","https://openalex.org/W2941228000","https://openalex.org/W2947571590","https://openalex.org/W2949422051","https://openalex.org/W2955639243","https://openalex.org/W3037169037","https://openalex.org/W3037262851","https://openalex.org/W3042911150","https://openalex.org/W4388791812"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2606962271","https://openalex.org/W2392812199","https://openalex.org/W4200176076","https://openalex.org/W598185802","https://openalex.org/W645512964","https://openalex.org/W2363601504","https://openalex.org/W339743714","https://openalex.org/W2922098899","https://openalex.org/W2086460054"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"one":[1],"searches":[2],"for":[3,67],"political":[4,69,125,157],"candidates":[5,70],"on":[6],"Google,":[7],"a":[8,161],"panel":[9],"composed":[10],"of":[11,25,41,43,48,63,75,102,123,167,214],"recent":[12],"news":[13,49,58,96,151,212,222],"stories,":[14,18],"known":[15],"as":[16],"Top":[17,65,143],"is":[19,149,165],"commonly":[20],"shown":[21,139],"at":[22],"the":[23,26,73,103,168,175,232],"top":[24],"search":[27],"results":[28],"page.":[29],"These":[30],"stories":[31,66],"are":[32,107,136,194,225],"selected":[33],"by":[34,46,121,231],"an":[35],"algorithm":[36],"that":[37,60,100,147,178,224],"chooses":[38],"from":[39,153],"hundreds":[40],"thousands":[42,47],"articles":[44,152],"published":[45],"publishers.":[50],"In":[51,80],"our":[52],"previous":[53],"work,":[54],"we":[55,83],"identified":[56],"56":[57,95],"sources":[59,138,154,213,223],"contributed":[61],"2/3":[62],"all":[64,111],"30":[68],"running":[71],"in":[72,142,174,203],"primaries":[74],"2020":[76],"US":[77,85],"Presidential":[78],"Election.":[79],"this":[81,207],"paper,":[82],"survey":[84],"voters":[86,112,122],"to":[87,110,159,185,205,228],"elicit":[88],"their":[89],"familiarity":[90],"and":[91,229],"trust":[92,216],"with":[93,155],"these":[94],"outlets.":[97],"We":[98,145],"find":[99],"some":[101,221],"most":[104],"frequent":[105],"outlets":[106],"not":[108],"familiar":[109,227],"(e.g.":[113,127],"The":[114,131],"Hill":[115],"or":[116,118,130,182,200],"Politico),":[117],"particularly":[119],"trusted":[120,230],"any":[124],"stripes":[126],"Washington":[128],"Examiner":[129],"Daily":[132],"Beast).":[133],"Why":[134],"then,":[135],"such":[137],"so":[140],"frequently":[141],"stories?":[144],"theorize":[146],"Google":[148],"sampling":[150],"different":[156],"leanings":[158],"offer":[160],"balanced":[162],"coverage.":[163],"This":[164],"reminiscent":[166],"so-called":[169],"\"fairness":[170],"doctrine''":[171],"(1949-1987)":[172],"policy":[173],"United":[176],"States":[177],"required":[179],"broadcasters":[180],"(radio":[181],"TV":[183],"stations)":[184],"air":[186],"contrasting":[187],"views":[188],"about":[189],"controversial":[190],"matters.":[191],"Because":[192],"there":[193],"fewer":[195],"right-leaning":[196],"publications":[197],"than":[198,220],"center":[199],"left-leaning":[201],"ones,":[202],"order":[204],"maintain":[206],"\"fair''":[208],"balance,":[209],"hyper-partisan":[210],"far-right":[211],"low":[215],"receive":[217],"more":[218,226],"visibility":[219],"public.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}