{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3106855293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3372297.3423364","title":"Asynchronous Distributed Key Generation for Computationally-Secure Randomness, Consensus, and Threshold Signatures.","display_name":"Asynchronous Distributed Key Generation for Computationally-Secure Randomness, Consensus, and Threshold Signatures.","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3106855293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3372297.3423364","mag":"3106855293"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3372297.3423364","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3372297.3423364","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072418888","display_name":"Eleftherios Kokoris Kogias","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157556583","display_name":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","ror":"https://ror.org/03gnh5541","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157556583"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111288","display_name":"Meta (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/020ye1821","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111288","https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["AT","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eleftherios Kokoris Kogias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook Novi &amp; IST Austria, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook Novi &amp; IST Austria, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157556583","https://openalex.org/I4210111288"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038903572","display_name":"Dahlia Malkhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7038-7250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099336","display_name":"Menlo School","ror":"https://ror.org/01240pn49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114444","display_name":"Meta (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zbnvs85","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dahlia Malkhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook Novi, Menlo Park, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook Novi, Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336","https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021229048","display_name":"Alexander Spiegelman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7148-0414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099336","display_name":"Menlo School","ror":"https://ror.org/01240pn49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114444","display_name":"Meta (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zbnvs85","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Spiegelman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook Novi, Menlo Park, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook Novi, Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336","https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.9907,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":112,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97178217,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1751","last_page":"1767"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9643999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7666751146316528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.6680737733840942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.6526907682418823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secret-sharing","display_name":"Secret sharing","score":0.6407712697982788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6344729661941528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5641183853149414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.540230393409729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-generation","display_name":"Key generation","score":0.5219082832336426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5106328129768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verifiable-secret-sharing","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","score":0.5097214579582214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchrony","display_name":"Asynchrony (computer programming)","score":0.48139241337776184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.42839500308036804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.31417179107666016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.3099936842918396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2781587541103363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2319456934928894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1714373528957367}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7666751146316528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.6680737733840942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.6526907682418823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3087436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1386603","display_name":"Secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.6407712697982788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6344729661941528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5641183853149414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.540230393409729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163173736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3308558","display_name":"Key generation","level":3,"score":0.5219082832336426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5106328129768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.5097214579582214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779019669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25203946","display_name":"Asynchrony (computer programming)","level":3,"score":0.48139241337776184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.42839500308036804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.31417179107666016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.3099936842918396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2781587541103363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2319456934928894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1714373528957367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3372297.3423364","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3372297.3423364","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1592786019","https://openalex.org/W1836078613","https://openalex.org/W2006699751","https://openalex.org/W2025142762","https://openalex.org/W2035362408","https://openalex.org/W2054694168","https://openalex.org/W2106004025","https://openalex.org/W2109873787","https://openalex.org/W2113929724","https://openalex.org/W2131132597","https://openalex.org/W2138775315","https://openalex.org/W2170561193","https://openalex.org/W2296436904","https://openalex.org/W2328007342","https://openalex.org/W2528438932","https://openalex.org/W2549715468","https://openalex.org/W2717184009","https://openalex.org/W2791770565","https://openalex.org/W2794533297","https://openalex.org/W2810136695","https://openalex.org/W2963873436","https://openalex.org/W2963909597","https://openalex.org/W2964159515","https://openalex.org/W2969395421"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557783852","https://openalex.org/W1474916271","https://openalex.org/W2363629235","https://openalex.org/W2998215210","https://openalex.org/W3199385136","https://openalex.org/W2375034746","https://openalex.org/W3088939963","https://openalex.org/W1504170878","https://openalex.org/W2357761884","https://openalex.org/W2359757108"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,58],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,45,69,160,163,187,247,271,299],"present":[4],"the":[5,16,34,47,52,73,75,118,122,125,145,153,175,208,259,273,278,285,303],"first":[6,17,70,274,304],"Asynchronous":[7,89,251,306],"Distributed":[8],"Key":[9],"Generation":[10],"(ADKG)":[11],"algorithm":[12,21],"which":[13,103,255,276],"is":[14,33,104,222,225,256],"also":[15,301],"distributed":[18],"key":[19,220],"generation":[20,209],"that":[22,51,140,206,223,310],"can":[23,164,300],"generate":[24],"cryptographic":[25],"keys":[26],"with":[27,64,95,152],"a":[28,40,62,65,96,129,181,189,199,211,241,294,314],"dual":[29,66],"(f,2f+1)-threshold":[30],"(where":[31],"f":[32,236],"number":[35,243],"of":[36,99,105,124,131,155,210,244,296,321,329],"faulty":[37],"parties).":[38],"As":[39,293],"result,":[41],"using":[42,269],"our":[43,297],"ADKG":[44,275],"remove":[46],"trusted":[48,315],"setup":[49,318],"assumption":[50],"most":[53,235],"scalable":[54,169],"consensus":[55,172],"algorithms":[56],"make.":[57],"order":[59],"to":[60,86,116,148,167,179,191,232,317],"create":[61,87,302],"DKG":[63,182,288],"(f,2f+1)-":[67],"threshold":[68,98,319],"answer":[71],"in":[72,144,183],"affirmative":[74],"open":[76],"question":[77,176],"posed":[78],"by":[79],"Cachin":[80],"et":[81],"al.":[82],"[7]":[83],"on":[84,177],"how":[85,178],"an":[88,112,137,327,339],"Verifiable":[90],"Secret":[91],"Sharing":[92],"(AVSS)":[93],"protocol":[94],"reconstruction":[97,123],"f+1<k":[100],"\u0142e":[101],"2f+1,":[102],"independent":[106],"interest.":[107],"Our":[108,324],"High-threshold-AVSS":[109],"(HAVSS)":[110],"uses":[111],"asymmetric":[113],"bivariate":[114],"polynomial":[115,242],"encode":[117],"secret.":[119],"This":[120],"enables":[121,207],"secret":[126],"only":[127],"if":[128,239],"set":[130],"k":[132],"nodes":[133],"contribute":[134],"while":[135],"allowing":[136],"honest":[138,157],"node":[139],"did":[141],"not":[142,312],"participate":[143],"sharing":[146],"phase":[147],"recover":[149],"his":[150],"share":[151],"help":[154],"f+1":[156],"parties.":[158],"Once":[159],"have":[161],"HAVSS":[162,217],"use":[165],"it":[166,224,229],"bootstrap":[168,346],"partially":[170],"synchronous":[171],"protocols,":[173],"but":[174],"get":[180],"asynchrony":[184],"remains":[185],"as":[186,228,284],"need":[188,313],"way":[190],"produce":[192],"common":[193,212],"randomness.":[194],"The":[195],"solution":[196],"comes":[197],"from":[198,214],"novelEventually":[200],"Perfect":[201],"Common":[202],"Coin":[203],"(EPCC)":[204],"abstraction":[205],"coin":[213],"n":[215],"concurrent":[216],"invocations.":[218],"EPCC's":[219],"property":[221],"eventually":[226],"reliable,":[227],"might":[230],"fail":[231],"agree":[233],"at":[234],"times":[237],"(even":[238],"invoked":[240],"times).":[245],"UsingEPCC":[246],"implement":[248],"anEventually":[249],"Efficient":[250],"Binary":[252],"Agreement":[253,308],"(EEABA)":[254],"optimal":[257],"when":[258,265],"EPCC":[260,266],"agrees":[261],"and":[262,281,333,343],"protects":[263],"safety":[264],"fails.":[267],"Finally,":[268],"EEABA":[270],"construct":[272],"has":[277,326],"same":[279],"overhead":[280,328],"expected":[282,330],"runtime":[283],"best":[286],"partially-synchronous":[287],"(O(n4)":[289],"words,":[290],"O(f)":[291,344],"rounds).":[292],"corollary":[295],"ADKG,":[298],"Validated":[305],"Byzantine":[307],"(VABA)":[309],"does":[311],"dealer":[316],"signatures":[320],"degree":[322],"n-f.":[323],"VABA":[325],"O(n2)":[331],"words":[332,342],"O(1)":[334],"time":[335,345],"per":[336],"instance,":[337],"after":[338],"initial":[340],"O(n4)":[341],"via":[347],"ADKG.":[348]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}