{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3096471656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3372297.3417292","title":"Asynchronous Remote Key Generation","display_name":"Asynchronous Remote Key Generation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3096471656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3372297.3417292","mag":"3096471656"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3372297.3417292","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3372297.3417292","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021002790","display_name":"Nick Frymann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nick Frymann","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059536744","display_name":"Daniel Gardham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8856-1093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Gardham","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060026650","display_name":"Franziskus Kiefer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3632-4613"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Franziskus Kiefer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wire Swiss GmbH, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wire Swiss GmbH, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071991673","display_name":"Emil Lundberg","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emil Lundberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yubico AB, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yubico AB, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027942565","display_name":"Mark Manulis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1512-9670"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Manulis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088085969","display_name":"Dain Nilsson","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dain Nilsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yubico AB, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yubico AB, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5016,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90646095,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"939","last_page":"954"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8318163156509399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-oracle","display_name":"Random oracle","score":0.7277674674987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6465951204299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.5560003519058228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5192996859550476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.49781012535095215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.48827600479125977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-logarithm","display_name":"Discrete logarithm","score":0.4809267222881317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.4664214551448822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signature","display_name":"Digital signature","score":0.45008084177970886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backup","display_name":"Backup","score":0.4351418912410736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.4293798506259918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.40000826120376587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3677622079849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.19793438911437988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.13682514429092407}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8318163156509399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94284585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228184","display_name":"Random oracle","level":4,"score":0.7277674674987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6465951204299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.5560003519058228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5192996859550476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.49781012535095215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.48827600479125977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173259116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864003","display_name":"Discrete logarithm","level":4,"score":0.4809267222881317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.4664214551448822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118463975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220849","display_name":"Digital signature","level":3,"score":0.45008084177970886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780945871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194274","display_name":"Backup","level":2,"score":0.4351418912410736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.4293798506259918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.40000826120376587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3677622079849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.19793438911437988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.13682514429092407}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3372297.3417292","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3372297.3417292","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.44SUR_INST:11141209150002346","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197018","display_name":"Open Research (University of Surrey)","issn_l":"2688-268X","issn":["2688-268X","2688-3988"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2711952031","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R006938/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1589586740","https://openalex.org/W1656678770","https://openalex.org/W2019380907","https://openalex.org/W2024562548","https://openalex.org/W2092279637","https://openalex.org/W2117362057","https://openalex.org/W2164090669","https://openalex.org/W2266206262","https://openalex.org/W2270478131","https://openalex.org/W2594040848","https://openalex.org/W2789343076","https://openalex.org/W2991117815","https://openalex.org/W3015349823","https://openalex.org/W3143648442","https://openalex.org/W4212851301","https://openalex.org/W4232485878","https://openalex.org/W4300562507"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357912800","https://openalex.org/W1605305207","https://openalex.org/W2057152612","https://openalex.org/W2186860991","https://openalex.org/W3204476283","https://openalex.org/W2367896838","https://openalex.org/W2022961789","https://openalex.org/W4296962880","https://openalex.org/W2377011442","https://openalex.org/W2038033376"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"WebAuthn,":[0],"forming":[1],"part":[2],"of":[3,45,78,93,194,210],"FIDO2,":[4],"is":[5],"a":[6,79,84,98],"W3C":[7],"standard":[8],"for":[9,35,73,117,135,237],"strong":[10],"authentication,":[11],"which":[12,107,118],"employs":[13],"digital":[14,185],"signatures":[15,186,236],"to":[16,39,112,137,143,207,233],"authenticate":[17,40],"web":[18,37,51],"users":[19,48],"whilst":[20],"preserving":[21,56],"their":[22,94],"privacy.":[23],"Owned":[24],"by":[25,82,96,179,199,227,248],"users,":[26],"WebAuthn":[27,59,80,260],"authenticators":[28,46,136],"generate":[29,113],"attested":[30],"and":[31,62,161,263],"unlinkable":[32,114],"public-key":[33,212],"credentials":[34],"each":[36],"service":[38],"users.":[41],"Since":[42],"the":[43,57,76,90,119,133,158,165,208,259],"loss":[44,77],"prevents":[47],"from":[49,75],"accessing":[50],"services,":[52],"usable":[53],"recovery":[54],"solutions":[55],"original":[58],"design":[60],"choices":[61],"security":[63,155,193],"objectives":[64],"are":[65],"urgently":[66],"needed.":[67],"We":[68,88,147,244],"examine":[69],"Yubico's":[70,150,253],"recent":[71],"proposal":[72,95,151],"recovering":[74],"authenticator":[81,111,121],"using":[83,196],"secondary":[85],"backup":[86,120],"authenticator.":[87],"analyse":[89],"cryptographic":[91,181],"core":[92],"modelling":[97],"new":[99],"primitive,":[100],"called":[101],"Asynchronous":[102],"Remote":[103],"Key":[104],"Generation":[105],"(ARKG),":[106],"allows":[108],"some":[109],"primary":[110],"public":[115],"keys":[116,174,225],"may":[122,229],"later":[123],"recover":[124],"corresponding":[125],"private":[126,173,224],"keys.":[127],"Both":[128],"processes":[129],"occur":[130],"asynchronously":[131],"without":[132],"need":[134],"export":[138],"or":[139,187],"share":[140],"secrets,":[141],"adhering":[142],"WebAuthn's":[144],"attestation":[145],"requirements.":[146],"prove":[148,170],"that":[149,171,223],"achieves":[152],"our":[153,220,246],"ARKG":[154,195,228,254],"properties":[156],"under":[157],"discrete":[159],"logarithm":[160],"PRF-ODH":[162],"assumptions":[163],"in":[164,242],"random":[166],"oracle":[167],"model.":[168],"To":[169],"recovered":[172],"can":[175],"be":[176,230],"used":[177,231,241],"securely":[178,232],"other":[180],"schemes,":[182,189],"such":[183],"as":[184,216,240],"encryption":[188],"we":[190],"model":[191],"compositional":[192],"composable":[197],"games":[198],"Brzuska":[200],"et":[201],"al.":[202],"(ACM":[203],"CCS":[204],"2011),":[205],"extended":[206],"case":[209],"arbitrary":[211],"protocols.":[213],"As":[214],"well":[215],"being":[217],"more":[218],"general,":[219],"results":[221],"show":[222],"generated":[226],"produce":[234],"unforgeable":[235],"challenge-response":[238],"protocols,":[239],"WebAuthn.":[243],"conclude":[245],"analysis":[247],"discussing":[249],"concrete":[250],"instantiations":[251],"behind":[252],"protocol,":[255],"its":[256],"integration":[257],"with":[258],"standard,":[261],"performance,":[262],"usability":[264],"aspects.":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
