{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3109892785","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3372297.3417249","title":"Cyber-Physical Inconsistency Vulnerability Identification for Safety Checks in Robotic Vehicles","display_name":"Cyber-Physical Inconsistency Vulnerability Identification for Safety Checks in Robotic Vehicles","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3109892785","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3372297.3417249","mag":"3109892785"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3372297.3417249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3372297.3417249","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101704510","display_name":"Hongjun Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4706-934X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hongjun Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034431418","display_name":"Sayali Kate","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sayali Kate","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007570332","display_name":"Yousra Aafer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yousra Aafer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107249133","display_name":"Xiangyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9544-2500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108280598","display_name":"Dongyan Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongyan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101704510"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.646,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93382173,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"263","last_page":"278"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7227307558059692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.6430668830871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-paradox","display_name":"False positive paradox","score":0.6392534375190735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6006580591201782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5469962358474731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5342568159103394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crash","display_name":"Crash","score":0.5092055201530457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle","display_name":"Obstacle","score":0.4893271327018738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.4628635346889496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.4461124539375305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzz-testing","display_name":"Fuzz testing","score":0.4448195993900299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-analysis","display_name":"Static analysis","score":0.42839688062667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4206521213054657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-cause","display_name":"Root cause","score":0.42023104429244995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20304471254348755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1887614130973816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.12012284994125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.105436772108078}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7227307558059692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6430668830871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.6392534375190735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6006580591201782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5469962358474731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5342568159103394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183469790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333501","display_name":"Crash","level":2,"score":0.5092055201530457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776650193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264661","display_name":"Obstacle","level":2,"score":0.4893271327018738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.4628635346889496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.4461124539375305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111065885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1189053","display_name":"Fuzz testing","level":3,"score":0.4448195993900299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97686452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7604153","display_name":"Static analysis","level":2,"score":0.42839688062667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4206521213054657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84945661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7366567","display_name":"Root cause","level":2,"score":0.42023104429244995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20304471254348755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1887614130973816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.12012284994125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.105436772108078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3372297.3417249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3372297.3417249","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1491257008","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N000141712045, N000141410468 and N000141712947","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338298","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research Global"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338298","display_name":"Office of Naval Research Global","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W178056938","https://openalex.org/W794367725","https://openalex.org/W1581621229","https://openalex.org/W1595498733","https://openalex.org/W1984035659","https://openalex.org/W2003530067","https://openalex.org/W2074040836","https://openalex.org/W2086277109","https://openalex.org/W2098010707","https://openalex.org/W2107709519","https://openalex.org/W2148602057","https://openalex.org/W2155233265","https://openalex.org/W2161142631","https://openalex.org/W2167662333","https://openalex.org/W2170270980","https://openalex.org/W2297774820","https://openalex.org/W2492473950","https://openalex.org/W2523522678","https://openalex.org/W2664781091","https://openalex.org/W2794073659","https://openalex.org/W2794736053","https://openalex.org/W2891240227","https://openalex.org/W2955012332","https://openalex.org/W2964097210","https://openalex.org/W2964108484","https://openalex.org/W3118310286","https://openalex.org/W4303457309"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2360139790","https://openalex.org/W3089408602","https://openalex.org/W2914996832","https://openalex.org/W2901649410","https://openalex.org/W1843794072","https://openalex.org/W4240545424","https://openalex.org/W2019168903","https://openalex.org/W2563096791","https://openalex.org/W2998602372","https://openalex.org/W2964781046"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,114],"propose":[1],"a":[2,40,44,116],"new":[3],"type":[4],"of":[5,84,106,123],"vulnerability":[6],"for":[7],"Robotic":[8],"Vehicles":[9],"(RVs),":[10],"called":[11],"Cyber-Physical":[12],"Inconsistency.":[13],"These":[14],"vulnerabilities":[15,86],"target":[16],"safety":[17,54,90],"checks":[18,55,91,97],"in":[19,47,99],"RVs":[20],"(e.g.,":[21],"crash":[22],"detection).":[23],"They":[24],"can":[25,170],"be":[26,171],"exploited":[27],"by":[28],"setting":[29],"up":[30],"malicious":[31],"environment":[32],"conditions":[33],"such":[34,85,133],"as":[35,163],"placing":[36],"an":[37,168],"obstacle":[38],"with":[39],"certain":[41,45],"weight":[42],"and":[43,110,128,142,148],"angle":[46],"the":[48,53,68,108,121],"RV's":[49],"trajectory.":[50],"Once":[51],"exploited,":[52],"may":[56],"fail":[57],"to":[58,78,131],"report":[59,64],"real":[60,154],"physical":[61,112],"accidents":[62],"or":[63],"false":[65,161],"alarms":[66],"(while":[67],"RV":[69],"is":[70,87],"still":[71],"operating":[72],"normally).":[73],"Both":[74],"situations":[75],"could":[76],"lead":[77],"life-threatening":[79],"consequences.":[80],"The":[81],"root":[82],"cause":[83],"that":[88,119],"existing":[89],"are":[92,104],"mostly":[93],"using":[94],"simple":[95],"range":[96],"implemented":[98],"general-purpose":[100],"programming":[101],"languages,":[102],"which":[103],"incapable":[105],"describing":[107],"complex":[109],"delicate":[111],"world.":[113],"develop":[115],"novel":[117],"technique":[118,157],"requires":[120],"interplay":[122],"program":[124],"analysis,":[125],"vehicle":[126],"modeling,":[127],"search-based":[129],"testing":[130],"identify":[132],"vulnerabilities.":[134,155],"Our":[135,156],"experiment":[136],"on":[137],"4":[138],"real-world":[139],"control":[140],"software":[141],"8":[143],"vehicles":[144],"including":[145],"quadrotors,":[146],"rover,":[147],"fixed-wing":[149],"airplane":[150],"has":[151],"discovered":[152],"10":[153],"does":[158],"not":[159],"have":[160],"positives":[162],"it":[164],"only":[165],"reports":[166],"when":[167],"exploit":[169],"generated.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}