{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3096291879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3372297.3417248","title":"Methodologies for Quantifying (Re-)randomization Security and Timing under JIT-ROP","display_name":"Methodologies for Quantifying (Re-)randomization Security and Timing under JIT-ROP","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3096291879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3372297.3417248","mag":"3096291879"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3372297.3417248","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3372297.3417248","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049447247","display_name":"Salman Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0290-5367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Salman Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100765378","display_name":"Ya Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4030-811X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ya Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019527145","display_name":"Kevin Z. Snow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3666-9880"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Z. Snow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zeropoint Dynamics, LLC, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zeropoint Dynamics, LLC, Chapel Hill, NC, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010830558","display_name":"Gang Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6109-6091"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Penn State University, State College, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Penn State University, State College, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069862528","display_name":"Fabian Monrose","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9805-2217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabian Monrose","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034366344","display_name":"Danfeng Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8969-2792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danfeng (Daphne) Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049447247"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8558,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88617732,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1803","last_page":"1820"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9799000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gadget","display_name":"Gadget","score":0.9471755027770996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8188928365707397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5548473596572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-reuse","display_name":"Code reuse","score":0.5040356516838074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomization","display_name":"Randomization","score":0.4984722137451172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reuse","display_name":"Reuse","score":0.4576635956764221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2892179787158966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.20147472620010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.145391583442688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomized-controlled-trial","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","score":0.07354938983917236}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119770614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5516347","display_name":"Gadget","level":2,"score":0.9471755027770996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8188928365707397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5548473596572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778583558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771245","display_name":"Code reuse","level":3,"score":0.5040356516838074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204243189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1363085","display_name":"Randomization","level":3,"score":0.4984722137451172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.4576635956764221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2892179787158966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.20147472620010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.145391583442688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.07354938983917236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3372297.3417248","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3372297.3417248","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515653707","https://openalex.org/W1538332098","https://openalex.org/W1591211019","https://openalex.org/W1605557845","https://openalex.org/W1963947298","https://openalex.org/W1967216565","https://openalex.org/W1969501726","https://openalex.org/W1982778414","https://openalex.org/W1982829328","https://openalex.org/W1984187936","https://openalex.org/W1992221070","https://openalex.org/W1992741024","https://openalex.org/W1993736952","https://openalex.org/W1996931407","https://openalex.org/W2001978806","https://openalex.org/W2003619630","https://openalex.org/W2015083179","https://openalex.org/W2022292029","https://openalex.org/W2035991175","https://openalex.org/W2042856445","https://openalex.org/W2059969702","https://openalex.org/W2065540707","https://openalex.org/W2066852506","https://openalex.org/W2074943483","https://openalex.org/W2081768685","https://openalex.org/W2089448621","https://openalex.org/W2098010707","https://openalex.org/W2109219878","https://openalex.org/W2117798902","https://openalex.org/W2121468041","https://openalex.org/W2138517425","https://openalex.org/W2154555738","https://openalex.org/W2156858199","https://openalex.org/W2158389625","https://openalex.org/W2162800072","https://openalex.org/W2168843528","https://openalex.org/W2258876169","https://openalex.org/W2293825325","https://openalex.org/W2301588800","https://openalex.org/W2404678703","https://openalex.org/W2499909786","https://openalex.org/W2510394756","https://openalex.org/W2512784977","https://openalex.org/W2514974017","https://openalex.org/W2516933175","https://openalex.org/W2572561587","https://openalex.org/W2574009340","https://openalex.org/W2612403404","https://openalex.org/W2625141509","https://openalex.org/W2725598243","https://openalex.org/W2734941459","https://openalex.org/W2766313665","https://openalex.org/W2766542353","https://openalex.org/W2792181598","https://openalex.org/W2793456994","https://openalex.org/W2857435418","https://openalex.org/W2898326323","https://openalex.org/W2912568927","https://openalex.org/W2945713124","https://openalex.org/W2978757628","https://openalex.org/W2987375469","https://openalex.org/W2997993688","https://openalex.org/W3106149149","https://openalex.org/W3141714753","https://openalex.org/W4252148751","https://openalex.org/W4299301436","https://openalex.org/W4300617299","https://openalex.org/W4302784197","https://openalex.org/W6665536384","https://openalex.org/W6768779726"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2617372781","https://openalex.org/W2182697532","https://openalex.org/W142226328","https://openalex.org/W1544062218","https://openalex.org/W1544471297","https://openalex.org/W1964111631","https://openalex.org/W4285362543","https://openalex.org/W185550498","https://openalex.org/W2999970562","https://openalex.org/W2915473299"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Just-in-time":[0],"return-oriented":[1],"programming":[2],"(JIT-ROP)":[3],"allows":[4],"one":[5,47],"to":[6,60,126,139,171],"dynamically":[7],"discover":[8],"instruction":[9],"pages":[10],"and":[11,74,119,132,158],"launch":[12],"code":[13,33,36,83,105],"reuse":[14,37],"attacks,":[15],"effectively":[16,52],"bypassing":[17],"most":[18],"fine-grained":[19,82,104],"address":[20],"space":[21],"layout":[22],"randomization":[23,106,214],"(ASLR)":[24],"protection.":[25],"However,":[26],"in-depth":[27],"questions":[28],"regarding":[29],"the":[30,49,55,87,101,142,152,165,221],"impact":[31,71,80,200],"of":[32,57,91,103,145,184],"(re-)randomization":[34],"on":[35,86,100,194,201],"attacks":[38,190],"have":[39,85,191,198],"not":[40],"been":[41],"studied.":[42],"For":[43],"example,":[44],"how":[45,65,202],"would":[46],"compute":[48],"re-randomization":[50,146,149],"interval":[51],"by":[53],"considering":[54],"speed":[56],"gadget":[58,72,75,129,160,195,217],"convergence":[59,76],"defeat":[61],"JIT-ROP":[62,70,92,128,189,222],"attacks?":[63],";":[64,78],"do":[66,81],"starting":[67],"pointers":[68,186],"in":[69,148,174,188],"availability":[73,196],"time?":[77],"what":[79],"randomizations":[84],"Turing-complete":[88,134,153],"expressive":[89],"power":[90],"payloads?":[93],"We":[94,123],"conduct":[95],"a":[96],"comprehensive":[97],"measurement":[98],"study":[99],"effectiveness":[102],"schemes,":[107],"with":[108],"5":[109],"tools,":[110],"20":[111],"applications":[112],"including":[113],"6":[114],"browsers,":[115],"1":[116],"browser":[117],"engine,":[118],"25":[120],"dynamic":[121],"libraries.":[122],"provide":[124],"methodologies":[125],"measure":[127],"availability,":[130],"quality,":[131],"their":[133],"expressiveness,":[135],"as":[136,138],"well":[137],"empirically":[140],"determine":[141],"upper":[143,166],"bound":[144,167],"intervals":[147],"schemes":[150],"using":[151],"(TC),":[154],"priority,":[155],"MOV":[156],"TC,":[157],"payload":[159],"sets.":[161],"Experiments":[162],"show":[163,181,210],"that":[164,182,211],"ranges":[168],"from":[169],"1.5":[170],"3.5":[172],"seconds":[173],"our":[175,179],"tested":[176],"applications.":[177],"Besides,":[178],"results":[180,208],"locations":[183],"leaked":[185],"used":[187],"no":[192],"impacts":[193],"but":[197],"an":[199],"fast":[203],"attackers":[204],"find":[205],"gadgets.":[206],"Our":[207],"also":[209],"instruction-level":[212],"single-round":[213],"thwarts":[215],"current":[216],"finding":[218],"techniques":[219],"under":[220],"threat":[223],"model.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-02-25T23:00:34.991745","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
