{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2996745030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3372124.3372128","title":"Towards Automatically Classifying Case Law Citation Treatment Using Neural Networks","display_name":"Towards Automatically Classifying Case Law Citation Treatment Using Neural Networks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2996745030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3372124.3372128","mag":"2996745030"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3372124.3372128","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3372124.3372128","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th Australasian Document Computing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075460523","display_name":"Daniel Locke","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Locke","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076031002","display_name":"Guido Zuccon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-5563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guido Zuccon","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12755","display_name":"Legal Education and Practice Innovations","score":0.9427000284194946,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9351000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citation","display_name":"Citation","score":0.7718387842178345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6628866195678711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.6227651834487915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5794491767883301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5165395140647888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4881969094276428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4810795485973358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.37205079197883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.22845607995986938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.11014688014984131}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.7718387842178345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6628866195678711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.6227651834487915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5794491767883301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5165395140647888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4881969094276428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4810795485973358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.37205079197883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.22845607995986938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.11014688014984131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3372124.3372128","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3372124.3372128","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th Australasian Document Computing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:espace.library.uq.edu.au:UQ:c7eff5c","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402388","display_name":"Queensland's institutional digital repository (The University of Queensland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","host_organization_name":"The University of Queensland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W159222465","https://openalex.org/W1497985974","https://openalex.org/W1502415029","https://openalex.org/W1559838295","https://openalex.org/W1853398666","https://openalex.org/W1967314128","https://openalex.org/W1968817294","https://openalex.org/W2038930544","https://openalex.org/W2052604718","https://openalex.org/W2099183456","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2160571468","https://openalex.org/W2320766222","https://openalex.org/W2399291000","https://openalex.org/W2794090361","https://openalex.org/W2899489554","https://openalex.org/W2903938540","https://openalex.org/W2952566282","https://openalex.org/W3098761886","https://openalex.org/W6629492904"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4317642157","https://openalex.org/W2363440148","https://openalex.org/W2188500270","https://openalex.org/W2303858293","https://openalex.org/W4239542068","https://openalex.org/W2915512527","https://openalex.org/W51364034","https://openalex.org/W1974749013","https://openalex.org/W1975570126","https://openalex.org/W2071659704"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,199],"common":[1],"law":[2,138,213,315],"legal":[3,162,186],"systems,":[4],"judges":[5],"decide":[6],"issues":[7],"between":[8],"parties":[9],"(legal":[10],"decision":[11,36,53],"or":[12,57],"case":[13,75,137,150,212,220,314],"law)":[14],"by":[15,151],"reference":[16],"to":[17,67,92,95,97,223,266,290],"previous":[18,39],"decisions":[19,27,41,94,187],"that":[20,50,230,294],"consider":[21],"similar":[22],"factual":[23],"situations.":[24],"Accordingly,":[25],"these":[26,171,231],"typically":[28,177],"feature":[29,135,170],"rich":[30],"citation":[31,88,214,251,264],"networks,":[32],"i.e.,":[33],"a":[34,51,68,74,83,133,141,148,153,219,224,284,302,309],"new":[35,185],"frequently":[37],"cites":[38],"relevant":[40],"(citation).":[42],"These":[43,79],"citations":[44],"may,":[45],"in":[46,87,109,136],"varying":[47],"degrees,":[48],"express":[49],"cited":[52,149],"is":[54,65,76,156,196,221],"applicable,":[55],"not-applicable,":[56],"no":[58],"longer":[59],"current":[60,100],"law.":[61,78,104],"Such":[62],"treatment":[63,146,172,195,215,265],"label":[64],"important":[66,222],"lawyer's":[69,225],"process":[70],"of":[71,85,102,118,147,184,193,206,250,260,263,269,275,279,304,312],"determining":[72],"whether":[73],"proper":[77],"labels":[80],"serve":[81],"as":[82,113,132],"matter":[84],"convenience":[86],"indices":[89],"enabling":[90],"lawyers":[91],"prioritise":[93],"examine":[96],"understand":[98],"the":[99,103,145,181,204,248,261,267,270,273,276,280],"state":[101],"They":[105],"also":[106,300],"prove":[107],"useful":[108],"other":[110],"areas":[111],"such":[112,194],"prioritisation":[114],"for":[115,210,239,253],"manual":[116,191],"summarisation":[117],"cases,":[119],"where":[120],"not":[121,165,197],"all":[122,166],"cases":[123,169,176],"can":[124,143,160],"be":[125],"summarised,":[126],"and":[127,159,216,236,272],"automatic":[128],"summarisation,":[129],"or,":[130],"potentially,":[131],"ranking":[134],"retrieval.":[139],"While":[140],"lawyer":[142],"determine":[144],"reading":[152],"decision,":[154],"this":[155,200,254,296],"time":[157],"consuming":[158],"increase":[161],"costs.":[163],"Currently,":[164],"newly":[167],"decided":[168,188],"labels.":[173],"Further,":[174],"older":[175],"do":[178],"not.":[179],"Given":[180],"large":[182,310],"amount":[183,311],"each":[189],"year,":[190],"annotation":[192],"feasible.":[198],"paper,":[201],"we":[202],"explore":[203],"effectiveness":[205],"neural":[207],"network":[208],"architectures":[209],"identifying":[211],"importance":[217,252],"(whether":[218],"reasoning":[226],"process).":[227],"We":[228,244,282,299],"find":[229],"tasks":[232],"are":[233],"very":[234],"difficult":[235],"various":[237],"methods":[238],"text":[240],"classification":[241],"perform":[242],"poorly.":[243],"address":[245],"more":[246],"comprehensively":[247],"task":[249,262],"reason":[255],"while":[256],"limiting":[257],"our":[258],"examination":[259],"modelling":[268],"problem":[271],"highlight":[274],"intrinsic":[277],"difficulty":[278],"task.":[281],"make":[283],"test":[285],"dataset":[286],"available":[287],"at":[288],"github.com/ielab/caselaw-citations":[289],"stimulate":[291],"further":[292],"research":[293],"tackles":[295],"challenging":[297],"problem.":[298],"contribute":[301],"range":[303],"word":[305],"embeddings":[306],"learned":[307],"over":[308],"processed":[313],"text.":[316]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}