{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2995031344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3371108","title":"Partial type constructors: or, making ad hoc datatypes less ad hoc","display_name":"Partial type constructors: or, making ad hoc datatypes less ad hoc","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2995031344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3371108","mag":"2995031344"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3371108","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3371108","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3371108","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3371108","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109230348","display_name":"Mark P. Jones","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126345244","display_name":"Portland State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yn2fy02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark P. Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Portland State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Portland State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067671067","display_name":"J. Garrett Morris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3992-1080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146416000","display_name":"University of Kansas","ror":"https://ror.org/001tmjg57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146416000"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Garrett Morris","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kansas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kansas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146416000"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082913747","display_name":"Richard A. Eisenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7669-9781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102373834","display_name":"Bryn Mawr College","ror":"https://ror.org/05sjwtp51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102373834"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard A. Eisenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bryn Mawr College, USA / Tweag I/O, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bryn Mawr College, USA / Tweag I/O, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102373834"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1585,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63989549,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"POPL","first_page":"1","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9850999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9811000227928162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haskell","display_name":"Haskell","score":0.9691855311393738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monad","display_name":"Monad (category theory)","score":0.8383317589759827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7888274192810059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-programming","display_name":"Functional programming","score":0.776119589805603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.7051824331283569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.6000958681106567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-theory","display_name":"Type theory","score":0.5937845706939697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type","display_name":"Type (biology)","score":0.5900065898895264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partial-evaluation","display_name":"Partial evaluation","score":0.47383245825767517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependent-type","display_name":"Dependent type","score":0.4677956700325012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstract-interpretation","display_name":"Abstract interpretation","score":0.45257657766342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4419620633125305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generic-programming","display_name":"Generic programming","score":0.4234638512134552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functor","display_name":"Functor","score":0.3406503200531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lambda-calculus","display_name":"Lambda calculus","score":0.2558528184890747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24269047379493713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.20261293649673462}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780624054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34010","display_name":"Haskell","level":3,"score":0.9691855311393738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33959348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1630568","display_name":"Monad (category theory)","level":3,"score":0.8383317589759827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7888274192810059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42383842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193076","display_name":"Functional programming","level":2,"score":0.776119589805603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.7051824331283569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6000958681106567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93682546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056428","display_name":"Type theory","level":3,"score":0.5937845706939697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777299769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3707858","display_name":"Type (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5900065898895264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195701839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4008398","display_name":"Partial evaluation","level":2,"score":0.47383245825767517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20528804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q997433","display_name":"Dependent type","level":3,"score":0.4677956700325012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780654840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333341","display_name":"Abstract interpretation","level":2,"score":0.45257657766342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4419620633125305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7051814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051282","display_name":"Generic programming","level":2,"score":0.4234638512134552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156772000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864475","display_name":"Functor","level":2,"score":0.3406503200531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135790938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242028","display_name":"Lambda calculus","level":2,"score":0.2558528184890747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24269047379493713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.20261293649673462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3371108","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3371108","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3371108","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/31400","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1808/31400","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196285","display_name":"KU ScholarWorks (University of Kansas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I146416000","host_organization_name":"University of Kansas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146416000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3371108","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3371108","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3371108","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1774032714","display_name":"TWC: Small: Using a Capability-Enhanced Microkernel as a Testbed for Language-based Security (CEMLaBS)","funder_award_id":"1422979","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1846149676","display_name":"SHF: MEDIUM: Collaborative Research: The Theory and Practice of Dependent Types in Haskell","funder_award_id":"1704041","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2995031344.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2995031344.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W981129589","https://openalex.org/W1492124994","https://openalex.org/W1514995960","https://openalex.org/W1534185537","https://openalex.org/W1551531572","https://openalex.org/W1563382076","https://openalex.org/W1594279870","https://openalex.org/W1827112781","https://openalex.org/W1980939032","https://openalex.org/W1982230416","https://openalex.org/W1984514567","https://openalex.org/W1996404651","https://openalex.org/W2000063321","https://openalex.org/W2023353691","https://openalex.org/W2027657506","https://openalex.org/W2039211229","https://openalex.org/W2047428963","https://openalex.org/W2100883156","https://openalex.org/W2109518186","https://openalex.org/W2117174233","https://openalex.org/W2125690388","https://openalex.org/W2134394225","https://openalex.org/W2137417304","https://openalex.org/W2151275061","https://openalex.org/W2154390633","https://openalex.org/W2156426055","https://openalex.org/W2168938117","https://openalex.org/W2210284694","https://openalex.org/W2477687312","https://openalex.org/W2729916207","https://openalex.org/W2751718667","https://openalex.org/W2936237205","https://openalex.org/W2965108653","https://openalex.org/W3123526213","https://openalex.org/W4213090963","https://openalex.org/W4235625820","https://openalex.org/W4237270226","https://openalex.org/W4252649616","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6811215404"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2110020126","https://openalex.org/W1827112781","https://openalex.org/W1488885199","https://openalex.org/W1511530761","https://openalex.org/W1975664374","https://openalex.org/W3022861097","https://openalex.org/W3023013741","https://openalex.org/W2995031344","https://openalex.org/W2114058479","https://openalex.org/W4233723952"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Functional":[0],"programming":[1],"languages":[2],"assume":[3],"that":[4,19,101,111],"type":[5,34,55,61,98,113],"constructors":[6,62],"are":[7,152,162],"total.":[8],"Yet":[9],"functional":[10],"programmers":[11],"know":[12],"better:":[13],"counterexamples":[14],"range":[15],"from":[16],"container":[17],"types":[18,117],"make":[20],"limiting":[21],"assumptions":[22],"about":[23],"their":[24],"contents":[25],"(e.g.,":[26],"requiring":[27],"computable":[28],"equality":[29],"or":[30],"ordering":[31],"functions)":[32],"to":[33,122],"families":[35],"with":[36],"defining":[37],"equations":[38],"only":[39],"over":[40],"certain":[41],"choices":[42],"of":[43,53,60,83,137,140,147],"arguments.":[44],"We":[45,109],"present":[46],"a":[47,96,123,138,144],"language":[48],"design":[49,67],"and":[50,71,91,94,118],"formal":[51],"theory":[52],"partial":[54,75],"constructors,":[56],"capturing":[57],"the":[58,88],"domains":[59],"using":[63,143],"qualified":[64],"types.":[65],"Our":[66],"is":[68],"both":[69],"simple":[70,97],"expressive:":[72],"we":[73,131],"support":[74],"datatypes":[76],"as":[77,81,87],"first-class":[78],"citizens":[79],"(including":[80],"instances":[82],"parametric":[84],"abstractions,":[85],"such":[86],"Haskell":[89,141,167],"Functor":[90],"Monad":[92],"classes),":[93],"show":[95,110],"elaboration":[99],"algorithm":[100],"avoids":[102],"placing":[103],"undue":[104],"annotation":[105],"burden":[106],"on":[107,127],"programmers.":[108],"our":[112,148,155],"system":[114,156],"rejects":[115],"ill-defined":[116],"can":[119],"be":[120],"compiled":[121],"semantic":[124],"model":[125],"based":[126],"System":[128],"F.":[129],"Finally,":[130],"have":[132],"conducted":[133],"an":[134],"experimental":[135],"analysis":[136],"body":[139],"code,":[142],"proof-of-concept":[145],"implementation":[146],"system;":[149],"while":[150],"there":[151],"cases":[153,161],"where":[154],"requires":[157],"additional":[158],"annotations,":[159],"these":[160],"rarely":[163],"encountered":[164],"in":[165],"practical":[166],"code.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
