{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2997917726","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3369457.3369460","title":"How Participatory Design Works","display_name":"How Participatory Design Works","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2997917726","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3369457.3369460","mag":"2997917726"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3369457.3369460","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3369457.3369460","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st Australian Conference on Human-Computer-Interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/827aea56-363d-4d4d-9625-60ecd46c794f","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042476122","display_name":"Nicolai Brodersen Hansen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2187-0104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicolai Brodersen Hansen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061766244","display_name":"Christian Dindler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4914-3323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Dindler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Studies and Digital Design, Aarhus University, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Studies and Digital Design, Aarhus University, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065949447","display_name":"Kim Halskov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7448-7577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kim Halskov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Studies and Digital Design, Aarhus University, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Studies and Digital Design, Aarhus University, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064452976","display_name":"Ole Sejer Iversen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8055-6716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ole Sejer Iversen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Studies and Digital Design, Aarhus University, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Studies and Digital Design, Aarhus University, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076913889","display_name":"Claus Bossen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3698-0675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claus Bossen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Studies and Digital Design, Aarhus University, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Studies and Digital Design, Aarhus University, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017501749","display_name":"Ditte Amund Basballe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0599-2550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69601649","display_name":"VIA University College","ror":"https://ror.org/04ctbxy49","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69601649"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ditte Amund Basballe","raw_affiliation_strings":["IT & Digitalisation - Technology and Learning, VIA University College, Aarhus Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IT & Digitalisation - Technology and Learning, VIA University College, Aarhus Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69601649"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087836443","display_name":"Ben Schouten","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Schouten","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.9365,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":91,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98769522,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"30","last_page":"41"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14147","display_name":"Innovative Approaches in Technology and Social Development","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14147","display_name":"Innovative Approaches in Technology and Social Development","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11024","display_name":"Information Systems Theories and Implementation","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/participatory-design","display_name":"Participatory design","score":0.8208162784576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citizen-journalism","display_name":"Citizen journalism","score":0.7056901454925537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5985314846038818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5593814849853516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.527910053730011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.499950647354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.48590293526649475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.45883458852767944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-design","display_name":"Product design","score":0.44367387890815735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/participatory-gis","display_name":"Participatory GIS","score":0.43676796555519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-design-process","display_name":"Engineering design process","score":0.43673160672187805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.4199764132499695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22718775272369385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.20350930094718933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1631321907043457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.11099082231521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.10651382803916931}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777455480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1038171","display_name":"Participatory design","level":3,"score":0.8208162784576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203663800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848979","display_name":"Citizen journalism","level":2,"score":0.7056901454925537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5985314846038818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5593814849853516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.527910053730011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.499950647354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.48590293526649475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45883458852767944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120823896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1043226","display_name":"Product design","level":3,"score":0.44367387890815735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33741171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140441","display_name":"Participatory GIS","level":3,"score":0.43676796555519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34972735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920267","display_name":"Engineering design process","level":2,"score":0.43673160672187805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.4199764132499695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22718775272369385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.20350930094718933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1631321907043457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.11099082231521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.10651382803916931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775922551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7135033","display_name":"Parallels","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3369457.3369460","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3369457.3369460","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st Australian Conference on Human-Computer-Interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/827aea56-363d-4d4d-9625-60ecd46c794f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/827aea56-363d-4d4d-9625-60ecd46c794f","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hansen, N B, Dindler, C, Halskov, K, Iversen, O S, Bossen, C, Basballe, D A & Schouten, B 2019, How participatory designworks : Mechanisms and effects. in Proceedings of the 31st Australian Conference on Human-Computer-Interaction, OzCHI 2019. Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 30-41, 31st Australian Conference on Human-Computer-Interaction, OzCHI 2019, Perth/Fremantle, Australia, 02/12/2019. https://doi.org/10.1145/3369457.3369460","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.tue.nl:openaire/df2c6a72-72be-4a3f-9526-38626019ec97","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tue.nl/en/publications/df2c6a72-72be-4a3f-9526-38626019ec97","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922641","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hansen, N B, Dindler, C, Halskov, K, Iversen, O S, Bossen, C, Basballe, D A & Schouten, B 2019, How participatory designworks : mechanisms and effects. in Proceedings of the 31st Australian Conference on Human-Computer-Interaction, OzCHI 2019. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, Association for Computing Machinery, Inc., pp. 30-41, 31st Australian Conference on Human-Computer-Interaction, OzCHI 2019, Perth/Fremantle, Australia, 2/12/19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3369457.3369460","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.tue.nl:openaire/1ca884ae-f4bd-4a66-8c19-01730fc1de70","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tue.nl/en/publications/1ca884ae-f4bd-4a66-8c19-01730fc1de70","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922641","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Hansen, N B, Dindler, C, Halskov, K, Bossen, C, Basballe, D A & Schouten, B A M 2019, 'How participatory design works : mechanisms and effects', Paper presented at 31st Australian Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, Perth/Fremantle, Australia, 3/12/19 - 5/12/19.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:tue:oai:pure.tue.nl:publications/df2c6a72-72be-4a3f-9526-38626019ec97","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tue.nl/nl/publications/df2c6a72-72be-4a3f-9526-38626019ec97","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st Australian Conference on Human-Computer-Interaction, OzCHI 2019, 30 - 41","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencepaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/827aea56-363d-4d4d-9625-60ecd46c794f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/827aea56-363d-4d4d-9625-60ecd46c794f","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hansen, N B, Dindler, C, Halskov, K, Iversen, O S, Bossen, C, Basballe, D A & Schouten, B 2019, How participatory designworks : Mechanisms and effects. in Proceedings of the 31st Australian Conference on Human-Computer-Interaction, OzCHI 2019. Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 30-41, 31st Australian Conference on Human-Computer-Interaction, OzCHI 2019, Perth/Fremantle, Australia, 02/12/2019. https://doi.org/10.1145/3369457.3369460","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3680243113","display_name":"STEC: Smart Technologies, Empowered Citizens","funder_award_id":"652.001.005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsz6e67"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058834","https://openalex.org/W43604946","https://openalex.org/W53707345","https://openalex.org/W91901479","https://openalex.org/W128081936","https://openalex.org/W1274426204","https://openalex.org/W1491504725","https://openalex.org/W1496167765","https://openalex.org/W1500842519","https://openalex.org/W1506871349","https://openalex.org/W1515665097","https://openalex.org/W1522497733","https://openalex.org/W1526476546","https://openalex.org/W1547319908","https://openalex.org/W1547579513","https://openalex.org/W1548000849","https://openalex.org/W1568674346","https://openalex.org/W1584732915","https://openalex.org/W1586671581","https://openalex.org/W1586692875","https://openalex.org/W1602744460","https://openalex.org/W1631767606","https://openalex.org/W1904300077","https://openalex.org/W1968196525","https://openalex.org/W1981878955","https://openalex.org/W1985933438","https://openalex.org/W1997493764","https://openalex.org/W1999698536","https://openalex.org/W2007079091","https://openalex.org/W2007423472","https://openalex.org/W2008509197","https://openalex.org/W2017967790","https://openalex.org/W2021148826","https://openalex.org/W2033402483","https://openalex.org/W2034287447","https://openalex.org/W2037780325","https://openalex.org/W2042884609","https://openalex.org/W2045096906","https://openalex.org/W2045698860","https://openalex.org/W2045881880","https://openalex.org/W2053019021","https://openalex.org/W2063960261","https://openalex.org/W2066176579","https://openalex.org/W2066506266","https://openalex.org/W2069818276","https://openalex.org/W2075335351","https://openalex.org/W2075849103","https://openalex.org/W2077934072","https://openalex.org/W2089138977","https://openalex.org/W2089399137","https://openalex.org/W2090177212","https://openalex.org/W2092601000","https://openalex.org/W2101445519","https://openalex.org/W2110887048","https://openalex.org/W2114944548","https://openalex.org/W2122873741","https://openalex.org/W2130640247","https://openalex.org/W2135652757","https://openalex.org/W2137045791","https://openalex.org/W2149732035","https://openalex.org/W2150634379","https://openalex.org/W2152796930","https://openalex.org/W2155963778","https://openalex.org/W2163098878","https://openalex.org/W2164810125","https://openalex.org/W2215156623","https://openalex.org/W2284495890","https://openalex.org/W2300098279","https://openalex.org/W2339955350","https://openalex.org/W2398100218","https://openalex.org/W2479706806","https://openalex.org/W2495526613","https://openalex.org/W2505869930","https://openalex.org/W2589047672","https://openalex.org/W2611369375","https://openalex.org/W2623346695","https://openalex.org/W2684774892","https://openalex.org/W2784662198","https://openalex.org/W2786947868","https://openalex.org/W2858768158","https://openalex.org/W2886773148","https://openalex.org/W2888511148","https://openalex.org/W2936737507","https://openalex.org/W6636010766"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983265819","https://openalex.org/W1863509217","https://openalex.org/W2119366870","https://openalex.org/W2997724971","https://openalex.org/W2186107421","https://openalex.org/W2075849103","https://openalex.org/W4405210301","https://openalex.org/W2112986940","https://openalex.org/W2057567507","https://openalex.org/W4291656914"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,31],"argue":[1],"that":[2],"the":[3,11,17,20,24,66,70,73,76,97,107,123,136],"distinguishing":[4],"features":[5],"of":[6,52,57,80,99,106,125],"Participatory":[7],"Design":[8],"are":[9,29,116],"not":[10,134],"participatory":[12,38,86,120],"activities":[13],"as":[14,47],"such":[15],"but":[16,139],"mechanisms":[18,108,131],"used,":[19],"effects":[21,77,112,146],"produced":[22],"and":[23,41,75,83,110,113,144],"way":[25],"in":[26,78,104],"which":[27],"these":[28],"sustained.":[30],"use":[32],"program":[33,126],"theory":[34,62,127],"to":[35,91],"illuminate":[36],"how":[37,42,111,129],"design":[39,87,95,100,121],"works":[40],"it":[43],"may":[44],"be":[45],"understood":[46],"more":[48],"than":[49],"a":[50,55],"collection":[51],"methods":[53],"or":[54,93],"matter":[56],"configuring":[58],"user":[59],"participation.":[60],"Program":[61],"operates":[63],"by":[64],"formulating":[65],"causal":[67],"relations":[68],"between":[69],"planned":[71],"inputs,":[72],"process":[74],"terms":[79,105],"output,":[81],"outcome":[82],"impact.":[84],"While":[85],"might":[88],"appear":[89],"similar":[90],"co-design":[92],"user-centered":[94],"on":[96],"level":[98],"activities,":[101],"PD":[102],"differs":[103],"employed":[109],"their":[114],"sustainment":[115],"conceived.":[117],"Looking":[118],"at":[119],"through":[122],"lens":[124],"highlights":[128],"particular":[130],"work":[132],"towards":[133,141],"only":[135],"designed":[137],"product":[138],"also":[140],"generating":[142],"gains":[143],"lasting":[145],"for":[147],"participants.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}