{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2996036101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3368926.3369733","title":"Toward a Deep Learning Approach for Detecting PHP Webshell","display_name":"Toward a Deep Learning Approach for Detecting PHP Webshell","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2996036101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3368926.3369733","mag":"2996036101"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3368926.3369733","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3368926.3369733","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Information and Communication Technology  - SoICT 2019","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101905435","display_name":"Hoa N. Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2565-281X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67868205","display_name":"VNU University of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05w54hk79","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177233841","https://openalex.org/I67868205"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ngoc-Hoa Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["VNU University of Engineering and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VNU University of Engineering and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67868205"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066391497","display_name":"Viet-Ha Le","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147351","display_name":"Viet Nam Government","ror":"https://ror.org/04g9rr142","country_code":"VN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147351"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viet-Ha Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["Office of the Government, Hanoi, Vietnam"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Office of the Government, Hanoi, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147351"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047690641","display_name":"Van-On Phung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147351","display_name":"Viet Nam Government","ror":"https://ror.org/04g9rr142","country_code":"VN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147351"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Van-On Phung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Office of the Government, Hanoi, Vietnam"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Office of the Government, Hanoi, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147351"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003745978","display_name":"Hanh P. Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8993-1164"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67868205","display_name":"VNU University of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05w54hk79","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177233841","https://openalex.org/I67868205"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phuong-Hanh Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["VNU University of Engineering and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VNU University of Engineering and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67868205"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101905435"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67868205"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8244,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86430588,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"514","last_page":"521"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12479","display_name":"Web Application Security Vulnerabilities","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8746167421340942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.7454227805137634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opcode","display_name":"Opcode","score":0.719257116317749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5692300200462341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5544902682304382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5308417081832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4927208721637726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.4354539215564728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-application","display_name":"Web application","score":0.41845160722732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source","display_name":"Open source","score":0.41755765676498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35557228326797485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.33246785402297974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1786738634109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1769845187664032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.14075395464897156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.10561549663543701}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8746167421340942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.7454227805137634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52173422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q766483","display_name":"Opcode","level":2,"score":0.719257116317749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5692300200462341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5544902682304382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5308417081832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4927208721637726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.4354539215564728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118643609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189210","display_name":"Web application","level":2,"score":0.41845160722732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018397939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3644502","display_name":"Open source","level":3,"score":0.41755765676498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35557228326797485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33246785402297974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1786738634109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1769845187664032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.14075395464897156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.10561549663543701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3368926.3369733","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3368926.3369733","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Information and Communication Technology  - SoICT 2019","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1532417401","https://openalex.org/W2034938003","https://openalex.org/W2522618246","https://openalex.org/W2586000202","https://openalex.org/W2600460769","https://openalex.org/W2793801973","https://openalex.org/W2796394805","https://openalex.org/W2798790152","https://openalex.org/W2799416244","https://openalex.org/W2884764722","https://openalex.org/W2889044831","https://openalex.org/W2904096920","https://openalex.org/W2950005521","https://openalex.org/W2970977022"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W36091977","https://openalex.org/W4382794599","https://openalex.org/W2800331776","https://openalex.org/W2903602818","https://openalex.org/W2003791967","https://openalex.org/W4387382577","https://openalex.org/W3016048014","https://openalex.org/W4294976063","https://openalex.org/W2384735743","https://openalex.org/W2902612505"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,136],"most":[1],"efficient":[2],"way":[3],"of":[4,21,96,147],"securing":[5],"Web":[6,23,27,42],"applications":[7],"is":[8],"searching":[9],"and":[10,17,58,83,99],"eliminating":[11],"threats":[12],"therein":[13],"(from":[14],"both":[15],"malwares":[16],"vulnerabilities).":[18],"In":[19,44],"case":[20],"having":[22],"application":[24],"source":[25,65,90,132],"codes,":[26,39],"security":[28],"can":[29],"be":[30],"improved":[31],"by":[32,75],"performing":[33],"the":[34,60,88,102,141,145],"task":[35],"to":[36,56,79,92,107],"detecting":[37],"malicious":[38,61,82,115],"such":[40,117],"as":[41,118],"shells.":[43],"this":[45],"paper,":[46],"we":[47,122],"proposed":[48,142],"a":[49,52,81,93,109,114,119],"model":[50,106],"using":[51],"deep":[53],"learning":[54],"approach":[55,125],"detect":[57],"identify":[59],"codes":[62,91],"inside":[63],"PHP":[64,89,97,110],"files.":[66],"Our":[67],"method":[68,143],"relies":[69],"on":[70],"(i)":[71],"pattern":[72],"matching":[73],"techniques":[74],"applying":[76,101],"Yara":[77],"rules":[78],"build":[80],"benign":[84],"datasets,":[85],"(ii)":[86],"converting":[87],"numerical":[94],"sequence":[95],"opcodes":[98],"(iii)":[100],"Convolutional":[103],"Neural":[104],"Network":[105],"predict":[108],"file":[111],"whether":[112],"embedding":[113],"code":[116],"webshell.":[120],"Thus,":[121],"validate":[123],"our":[124],"with":[126,149],"different":[127],"webshell":[128],"collections":[129],"from":[130],"reliable":[131],"published":[133],"in":[134],"Github.":[135],"experiment":[137],"results":[138],"show":[139],"that":[140],"achieved":[144],"accuracy":[146],"99.02%":[148],"0.85%":[150],"false":[151],"positive":[152],"rate.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}