{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3012600133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3366423.3380255","title":"Correcting for Selection Bias in Learning-to-rank Systems","display_name":"Correcting for Selection Bias in Learning-to-rank Systems","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3012600133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3366423.3380255","mag":"3012600133"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3366423.3380255","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3366423.3380255","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of The Web Conference 2020","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3366423.3380255","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018554646","display_name":"Zohreh Ovaisi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zohreh Ovaisi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Chicago"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005648148","display_name":"Ragib Ahsan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ragib Ahsan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Chicago"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100376964","display_name":"Yifan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1849-7484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sun Yat-sen University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Yat-sen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018726047","display_name":"Kathryn Vasilaky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9778-4379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149919469","display_name":"California Polytechnic State University","ror":"https://ror.org/001gpfp45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149919469"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathryn Vasilaky","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Polytechnic State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Polytechnic State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149919469"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071079350","display_name":"Elena Zheleva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7662-2568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Zheleva","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Chicago"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018554646"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.3381,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":97,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99029321,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1863","last_page":"1873"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12101","display_name":"Advanced Bandit Algorithms Research","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12101","display_name":"Advanced Bandit Algorithms Research","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7574127912521362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.6615604162216187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.6343495845794678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterfactual-thinking","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","score":0.6109030842781067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection-bias","display_name":"Selection bias","score":0.6042050719261169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rank","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","score":0.5684794187545776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5365427136421204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.47776854038238525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recommender-system","display_name":"Recommender system","score":0.45807477831840515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debiasing","display_name":"Debiasing","score":0.4443615674972534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-to-rank","display_name":"Learning to rank","score":0.4311448931694031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.39253807067871094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3550100326538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3278607726097107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2218489646911621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.1703793704509735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11847367882728577}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7574127912521362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.6615604162216187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.6343495845794678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108650721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783253","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","level":2,"score":0.6109030842781067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40423286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284172","display_name":"Selection bias","level":2,"score":0.6042050719261169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5684794187545776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5365427136421204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.47776854038238525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557471498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554950","display_name":"Recommender system","level":2,"score":0.45807477831840515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779458634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24963715","display_name":"Debiasing","level":2,"score":0.4443615674972534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86037889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4330127","display_name":"Learning to rank","level":3,"score":0.4311448931694031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39253807067871094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3550100326538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3278607726097107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2218489646911621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.1703793704509735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11847367882728577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3366423.3380255","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3366423.3380255","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of The Web Conference 2020","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2001.11358","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2001.11358","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.11358","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3366423.3380255","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3366423.3380255","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of The Web Conference 2020","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W51725950","https://openalex.org/W151167705","https://openalex.org/W1574325996","https://openalex.org/W1965582578","https://openalex.org/W1968634175","https://openalex.org/W1973435495","https://openalex.org/W1982530130","https://openalex.org/W1992549066","https://openalex.org/W2002317872","https://openalex.org/W2003473029","https://openalex.org/W2009979684","https://openalex.org/W2032536435","https://openalex.org/W2047221353","https://openalex.org/W2048934076","https://openalex.org/W2051834357","https://openalex.org/W2059575958","https://openalex.org/W2068181924","https://openalex.org/W2090883204","https://openalex.org/W2099213975","https://openalex.org/W2139122730","https://openalex.org/W2147892741","https://openalex.org/W2149427297","https://openalex.org/W2149852188","https://openalex.org/W2152314154","https://openalex.org/W2157519573","https://openalex.org/W2193451006","https://openalex.org/W2279385734","https://openalex.org/W2296765246","https://openalex.org/W2339829457","https://openalex.org/W2340526403","https://openalex.org/W2397969444","https://openalex.org/W2466989778","https://openalex.org/W2486285194","https://openalex.org/W2507134384","https://openalex.org/W2604512710","https://openalex.org/W2765564115","https://openalex.org/W2769473018","https://openalex.org/W2789135444","https://openalex.org/W2797400361","https://openalex.org/W2884475480","https://openalex.org/W2886453691","https://openalex.org/W2890291106","https://openalex.org/W2912255075","https://openalex.org/W2952613481","https://openalex.org/W2955421345","https://openalex.org/W3104881842","https://openalex.org/W3105997200","https://openalex.org/W4240828654","https://openalex.org/W4288280739","https://openalex.org/W4292824755"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4362554880","https://openalex.org/W4281684980","https://openalex.org/W4386875279","https://openalex.org/W2171721708","https://openalex.org/W4390963114","https://openalex.org/W4321276883","https://openalex.org/W4382317875","https://openalex.org/W4294433193","https://openalex.org/W4281782004","https://openalex.org/W4388955650"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Click":[0],"data":[1,13,25],"collected":[2],"by":[3],"modern":[4],"recommendation":[5],"systems":[6,48],"are":[7,65,74,99,143],"an":[8],"important":[9],"source":[10],"of":[11,30,101],"observational":[12],"that":[14,32,56,139],"can":[15,33],"be":[16,69],"utilized":[17],"to":[18,68,89,107,147,154,164],"train":[19],"learning-to-rank":[20],"(LTR)":[21],"systems.":[22,40,134],"However,":[23],"these":[24],"suffer":[26],"from":[27],"a":[28,81],"number":[29],"biases":[31],"result":[34],"in":[35,46,110,132],"poor":[36],"performance":[37],"for":[38,43,91,127],"LTR":[39,133,157],"Recent":[41],"methods":[42,142],"bias":[44,131],"correction":[45],"such":[47],"mostly":[49],"focus":[50],"on":[51],"position":[52,130,166],"bias,":[53,93],"the":[54,76,108,111],"fact":[55],"higher":[57],"ranked":[58],"results":[59,79],"(e.g.,":[60],"top":[61],"search":[62],"engine":[63],"results)":[64],"more":[66,145],"likely":[67],"clicked":[70,97],"even":[71],"if":[72],"they":[73],"not":[75],"most":[77],"relevant":[78],"given":[80],"user\u2019s":[82],"query.":[83],"Less":[84],"attention":[85],"has":[86],"been":[87,105],"paid":[88],"correcting":[90],"selection":[92,128],"which":[94,120],"occurs":[95],"because":[96],"documents":[98,103],"reflective":[100],"what":[102],"have":[104,150],"shown":[106],"user":[109],"first":[112],"place.":[113],"Here,":[114],"we":[115],"propose":[116],"new":[117],"counterfactual":[118],"approaches":[119],"adapt":[121],"Heckman\u2019s":[122],"two-stage":[123],"method":[124],"and":[125,129,149],"accounts":[126],"Our":[135],"empirical":[136],"evaluation":[137],"shows":[138],"our":[140],"proposed":[141],"much":[144],"robust":[146],"noise":[148],"better":[151],"accuracy":[152],"compared":[153],"existing":[155],"unbiased":[156],"algorithms,":[158],"especially":[159],"when":[160],"there":[161],"is":[162],"moderate":[163],"no":[165],"bias.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}