{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3021424624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3366423.3380084","title":"Solving Billion-Scale Knapsack Problems","display_name":"Solving Billion-Scale Knapsack Problems","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3021424624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3366423.3380084","mag":"3021424624"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3366423.3380084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3366423.3380084","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of The Web Conference 2020","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3366423.3380084","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101858165","display_name":"Xingwen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0606-9802"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xingwen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ant Financial Services Group"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ant Financial Services Group","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101696446","display_name":"Feng Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9276-2683"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ant Financial Services Group"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ant Financial Services Group","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100991712","display_name":"Zhigang Hua","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhigang Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ant Financial Services Group"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ant Financial Services Group","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075728990","display_name":"Shuang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2856-6973"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ant Financial Services Group"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ant Financial Services Group","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101858165"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5349,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72474788,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3105","last_page":"3111"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12176","display_name":"Optimization and Packing Problems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12176","display_name":"Optimization and Packing Problems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12288","display_name":"Optimization and Search Problems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10551","display_name":"Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knapsack-problem","display_name":"Knapsack problem","score":0.9533732533454895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.7227766513824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spark","display_name":"SPARK (programming language)","score":0.7039960026741028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6680824160575867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4478503167629242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20678749680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.19389185309410095}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113138325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864457","display_name":"Knapsack problem","level":2,"score":0.9533732533454895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.7227766513824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781215313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493345","display_name":"SPARK (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.7039960026741028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6680824160575867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4478503167629242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20678749680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.19389185309410095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3366423.3380084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3366423.3380084","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of The Web Conference 2020","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3366423.3380084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3366423.3380084","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of The Web Conference 2020","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1576264907","https://openalex.org/W1586409345","https://openalex.org/W2024060531","https://openalex.org/W2040257652","https://openalex.org/W2060322444","https://openalex.org/W2088429503","https://openalex.org/W2173213060","https://openalex.org/W2517976049","https://openalex.org/W2752885492","https://openalex.org/W2767453670","https://openalex.org/W2809074060","https://openalex.org/W2893909394","https://openalex.org/W4236127247","https://openalex.org/W4246598646"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W241127407","https://openalex.org/W2381035939","https://openalex.org/W2468477307","https://openalex.org/W2910645127","https://openalex.org/W162895179","https://openalex.org/W1521824362","https://openalex.org/W3177799343","https://openalex.org/W3119198325"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Knapsack":[0],"problems":[1],"(KPs)":[2],"are":[3],"common":[4],"in":[5,29],"industry,":[6],"but":[7],"solving":[8],"KPs":[9,28,86,92],"is":[10],"known":[11,79],"to":[12,71,80,84,113],"be":[13,39,52,103],"NP-hard":[14],"and":[15,34,98,115],"has":[16,110],"been":[17,111],"tractable":[18],"only":[19],"at":[20,43,87,125],"a":[21,30,118],"relatively":[22],"small":[23],"scale.":[24],"This":[25],"paper":[26],"examines":[27],"slightly":[31],"generalized":[32],"form":[33],"shows":[35],"that":[36],"they":[37],"can":[38,51,102],"solved":[40,104],"nearly":[41],"optimally":[42],"scale":[44,90],"via":[45],"distributed":[46,58],"algorithms.":[47],"The":[48,108],"proposed":[49],"approach":[50],"implemented":[53],"fairly":[54],"easily":[55],"with":[56,93],"off-the-shelf":[57],"computing":[59],"frameworks":[60],"(e.g.":[61],"MPI,":[62],"Hadoop,":[63],"Spark).":[64],"As":[65],"an":[66,88],"example,":[67],"our":[68],"implementation":[69],"leads":[70],"one":[72],"of":[73],"the":[74],"most":[75],"efficient":[76],"KP":[77],"solvers":[78],"date":[81],"\u2013":[82],"capable":[83],"solve":[85],"unprecedented":[89],"(e.g.,":[91],"1":[94,99,106],"billion":[95,100],"decision":[96],"variables":[97],"constraints":[101],"within":[105],"hour).":[107],"system":[109],"deployed":[112],"production":[114],"called":[116],"on":[117],"daily":[119],"basis,":[120],"yielding":[121],"significant":[122],"business":[123],"impacts":[124],"Ant":[126],"Financial.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}