{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3008956997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3365921.3365938","title":"Automatic Vehicle Identification Through Visual Features","display_name":"Automatic Vehicle Identification Through Visual Features","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3008956997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3365921.3365938","mag":"3008956997"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3365921.3365938","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3365921.3365938","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Advances in Mobile Computing & Multimedia","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017364044","display_name":"Imran Shafiq Ahmad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Imran Shafiq Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario - Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario - Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062831830","display_name":"Boubakeur Boufama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0117-5614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boubakeur Boufama","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario - Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario - Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017364044"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3571,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68021008,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"185","last_page":"194"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.7198950052261353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6611114144325256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4742535650730133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4187277853488922}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7198950052261353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6611114144325256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4742535650730133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4187277853488922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3365921.3365938","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3365921.3365938","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Advances in Mobile Computing & Multimedia","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W74112139","https://openalex.org/W1498093031","https://openalex.org/W1532362218","https://openalex.org/W1825459403","https://openalex.org/W1837596131","https://openalex.org/W1986008555","https://openalex.org/W2020980652","https://openalex.org/W2024046085","https://openalex.org/W2088920913","https://openalex.org/W2102608210","https://openalex.org/W2105272831","https://openalex.org/W2109874097","https://openalex.org/W2112248265","https://openalex.org/W2121375553","https://openalex.org/W2128060444","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2134116786","https://openalex.org/W2135427434","https://openalex.org/W2138011018","https://openalex.org/W2139616920","https://openalex.org/W2140511609","https://openalex.org/W2160367227","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2171786422","https://openalex.org/W2346262547","https://openalex.org/W2543461915","https://openalex.org/W2548197316","https://openalex.org/W2741151098"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1891287906","https://openalex.org/W1969923398","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W258625772","https://openalex.org/W2170022336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Detection":[0],"and":[1,33,69,104,122,163,181],"recognition":[2],"of":[3,12,67,82,124,135,161],"a":[4,9,23,37,58,140,178],"vehicle":[5,26,60,106,182],"license":[6,38,77,93,96,99,179],"plate":[7,39,78,94,97,100,180],"is":[8,88,147],"fundamental":[10],"requirement":[11],"any":[13,175],"intelligent":[14],"transport":[15],"system,":[16,112],"primarily":[17],"to":[18,51,63,149,158,172],"support":[19],"activities":[20],"like":[21],"finding":[22],"stolen":[24,43],"vehicle,":[25],"surveillance/tracking,":[27],"parking-toll":[28],"collection,":[29],"traffic":[30],"flow":[31],"planning":[32],"management,":[34],"etc.":[35],"However,":[36],"can":[40],"easily":[41],"be":[42],"and/or":[44],"changed":[45],"by":[46,72],"those":[47],"with":[48,184],"criminal":[49],"intent":[50],"conceal":[52],"their":[53],"identity.":[54],"This":[55],"paper":[56],"proposes":[57],"new":[59],"identification":[61],"system":[62,87,155],"obtain":[64,132],"high":[65,133],"degree":[66,134],"accuracy":[68,136],"success":[70],"rate":[71],"not":[73],"only":[74],"considering":[75],"the":[76,83,105,110,113,151,167],"but":[79],"also":[80],"shape":[81,107],"vehicle.":[84],"The":[85,153],"proposed":[86,111,154],"based":[89,143],"on":[90,144],"four":[91],"steps:":[92],"detection,":[95],"recognition,":[98],"jurisdiction":[101],"(province)":[102],"detection":[103],"detection.":[108],"In":[109],"features":[114,160],"are":[115],"converted":[116],"into":[117],"local":[118],"binary":[119],"pattern":[120],"(LBP)":[121],"Histogram":[123],"Oriented":[125],"Gradients":[126],"(HOG)":[127],"as":[128],"training":[129],"dataset.":[130],"To":[131],"in":[137,166],"real-time":[138],"application,":[139],"novel":[141],"method":[142],"cascaded":[145],"classifiers":[146],"used":[148],"update":[150],"system.":[152],"allows":[156],"us":[157,171],"store":[159],"vehicles":[162],"related":[164],"information":[165],"database,":[168],"thus,":[169],"allowing":[170],"automatically":[173],"detect":[174],"discrepancy":[176],"between":[177],"associated":[183],"it.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}