{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2991276929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3365579","title":"Bio-chemical Assay Locking to Thwart Bio-IP Theft","display_name":"Bio-chemical Assay Locking to Thwart Bio-IP Theft","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2991276929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3365579","mag":"2991276929"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3365579","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3365579","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3365579","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105046310","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","issn_l":"1084-4309","issn":["1084-4309","1557-7309"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3365579","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062886706","display_name":"Sukanta Bhattacharjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4341-5380"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sukanta Bhattacharjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cyber Security, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber Security, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069379694","display_name":"Jack Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3161-4828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jack Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008525558","display_name":"Sudip Poddar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6643-6937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sudip Poddar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103233588","display_name":"Mohamed Ibrahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0278-4040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Ibrahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centralized Design and Test Engineering Group, Intel Corp., California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centralized Design and Test Engineering Group, Intel Corp., California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059648257","display_name":"Ramesh Karri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7989-5617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramesh Karri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033880864","display_name":"Krishnendu Chakrabarty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4475-6435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krishnendu Chakrabarty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7006,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7180363,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11407","display_name":"Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochip","display_name":"Biochip","score":0.8753971457481384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7309941053390503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.7148796319961548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lock","display_name":"Lock (firearm)","score":0.649704098701477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5688251852989197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.47137579321861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.45576533675193787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.41221264004707336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10999724268913269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.10989376902580261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07392531633377075}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87892846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864256","display_name":"Biochip","level":2,"score":0.8753971457481384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7309941053390503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.7148796319961548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174839445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134386","display_name":"Lock (firearm)","level":2,"score":0.649704098701477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5688251852989197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.47137579321861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.45576533675193787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.41221264004707336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10999724268913269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.10989376902580261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07392531633377075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3365579","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3365579","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3365579","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105046310","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","issn_l":"1084-4309","issn":["1084-4309","1557-7309"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3365579","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3365579","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3365579","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105046310","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","issn_l":"1084-4309","issn":["1084-4309","1557-7309"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1305876782","display_name":"EAGER: Collaborative: Secure and Trustworthy Cyberphysical Microfluidic Systems","funder_award_id":"1833624","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2964902091","display_name":"EAGER: Collaborative: Secure and Trustworthy Cyberphysical Microfluidic Systems","funder_award_id":"1833622","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5506482982","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1833622","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7452299184","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8072325108","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1833622 and CNS-1833624","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G923888629","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF-17-1-0320","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2991276929.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2991276929.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1524250393","https://openalex.org/W1605172130","https://openalex.org/W1909235131","https://openalex.org/W1923960053","https://openalex.org/W1963105592","https://openalex.org/W1997252997","https://openalex.org/W2007104312","https://openalex.org/W2008819052","https://openalex.org/W2018794807","https://openalex.org/W2030184574","https://openalex.org/W2068411283","https://openalex.org/W2069693306","https://openalex.org/W2105737457","https://openalex.org/W2145106285","https://openalex.org/W2147820467","https://openalex.org/W2168567259","https://openalex.org/W2201606084","https://openalex.org/W2295097024","https://openalex.org/W2342876677","https://openalex.org/W2343475170","https://openalex.org/W2402794349","https://openalex.org/W2472747054","https://openalex.org/W2488722193","https://openalex.org/W2517695883","https://openalex.org/W2518623905","https://openalex.org/W2581266802","https://openalex.org/W2750603233","https://openalex.org/W2771011825","https://openalex.org/W2786231042","https://openalex.org/W2787751710","https://openalex.org/W2790494341","https://openalex.org/W2800449930","https://openalex.org/W2809226327","https://openalex.org/W2810184035","https://openalex.org/W2848779064","https://openalex.org/W2887839501","https://openalex.org/W2900049063","https://openalex.org/W2925434687","https://openalex.org/W2925671305","https://openalex.org/W2936775186","https://openalex.org/W2945694162","https://openalex.org/W2946716830"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364922518","https://openalex.org/W2361860382","https://openalex.org/W1995422305","https://openalex.org/W2379531326","https://openalex.org/W2604557458","https://openalex.org/W2544485685","https://openalex.org/W1834829329","https://openalex.org/W2353006359","https://openalex.org/W2599588613","https://openalex.org/W4313814494"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1],"expected":[2],"that":[3,65,124],"as":[4],"digital":[5],"microfluidic":[6],"biochips":[7],"(DMFBs)":[8],"mature,":[9],"the":[10,18,22,50,61,95,126,134],"hardware":[11,56],"design":[12,25],"flow":[13],"will":[14],"begin":[15],"to":[16,30,41,68,83,129],"resemble":[17],"current":[19],"practice":[20],"in":[21],"semiconductor":[23],"industry:":[24],"teams":[26],"send":[27],"chip":[28],"layouts":[29,57],"third-party":[31],"foundries":[32,36],"for":[33],"fabrication.":[34],"These":[35],"are":[37,66],"untrusted":[38],"and":[39,99],"threaten":[40],"steal":[42],"valuable":[43],"intellectual":[44],"property":[45],"(IP).":[46],"In":[47],"a":[48,102,119],"DMFB,":[49],"IP":[51],"consists":[52],"of":[53,60,105,122],"not":[54],"only":[55],"but":[58],"also":[59,117],"biochemical":[62,85],"assays":[63,86],"(bioassays)":[64],"intended":[67],"be":[69,108],"executed":[70],"on-chip.":[71],"DMFB":[72],"designers":[73],"therefore":[74],"must":[75],"defend":[76],"these":[77],"protocols":[78],"against":[79],"theft.":[80],"We":[81,92,116],"propose":[82],"\u201clock\u201d":[84],"by":[87],"inserting":[88],"dummy":[89],"mix-split":[90],"operations.":[91],"experimentally":[93],"evaluate":[94],"proposed":[96],"locking":[97],"mechanism,":[98],"show":[100],"how":[101],"high":[103],"level":[104],"protection":[106],"can":[107],"achieved":[109],"even":[110],"on":[111,133],"bioassays":[112],"with":[113],"low":[114],"complexity.":[115],"demonstrate":[118],"new":[120],"class":[121],"attacks":[123,132],"exploit":[125],"side-channel":[127],"information":[128],"launch":[130],"sophisticated":[131],"locked":[135],"bioassay.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
