{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2899914968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3365394","title":"Near Zero-Energy Computation Using Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","display_name":"Near Zero-Energy Computation Using Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2899914968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3365394","mag":"2899914968"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3365394","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3365394","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96198239","display_name":"ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems","issn_l":"1550-4832","issn":["1550-4832","1550-4840"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1811.03894","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Frank Sill Torres","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4028-455X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Sill Torres","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Aerospace Center, Bremerhaven, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4028-455X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center, Bremerhaven, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Philipp Niemann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0826-0985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Niemann","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bremen 8 DFKI GmbH, Bremen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0826-0985","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bremen 8 DFKI GmbH, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Robert Wille","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","display_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","ror":"https://ror.org/052r2xn60","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Wille","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rolf Drechsler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rolf Drechsler","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bremen 8 DFKI GmbH, Bremen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bremen 8 DFKI GmbH, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2435,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80779763,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13182","display_name":"Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13182","display_name":"Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10382","display_name":"Quantum and electron transport phenomena","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adder","display_name":"Adder","score":0.7021999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.6794000267982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.6187999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissipation","display_name":"Dissipation","score":0.6032999753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reversible-computing","display_name":"Reversible computing","score":0.5807999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limit","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","score":0.578499972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-automaton","display_name":"Cellular automaton","score":0.5641000270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-gate","display_name":"Logic gate","score":0.5048999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.491100013256073}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164620267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376953","display_name":"Adder","level":3,"score":0.7021999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.6794000267982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.6187999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135402231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898440","display_name":"Dissipation","level":2,"score":0.6032999753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5932999849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20274610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185410","display_name":"Reversible computing","level":4,"score":0.5807999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.578499972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35527583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189156","display_name":"Cellular automaton","level":2,"score":0.5641000270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131017901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170451","display_name":"Logic gate","level":2,"score":0.5048999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.491100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4311000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3939000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116523029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269040","display_name":"Quantum dot cellular automaton","level":3,"score":0.37779998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68576872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4893239","display_name":"Quantum cellular automaton","level":3,"score":0.3255000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157922185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173198","display_name":"Logic synthesis","level":3,"score":0.3142000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.31150001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190560348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3245116","display_name":"Circuit design","level":2,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187075797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173245","display_name":"Sequential logic","level":3,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138331895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11650","display_name":"Electronics","level":2,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.25699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10418432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q560370","display_name":"AND gate","level":3,"score":0.2542000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81843906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173156","display_name":"Digital electronics","level":3,"score":0.2542000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87606752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4682637","display_name":"Adiabatic circuit","level":5,"score":0.2515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3365394","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3365394","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96198239","display_name":"ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems","issn_l":"1550-4832","issn":["1550-4832","1550-4840"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1811.03894","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1811.03894","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1811.03894","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1811.03894","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1811.03894","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1811.03894","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1583161439","https://openalex.org/W1974205003","https://openalex.org/W1976036211","https://openalex.org/W1977347649","https://openalex.org/W2008727895","https://openalex.org/W2013743562","https://openalex.org/W2024069869","https://openalex.org/W2051320857","https://openalex.org/W2063578750","https://openalex.org/W2072310422","https://openalex.org/W2105259569","https://openalex.org/W2119708875","https://openalex.org/W2147530955","https://openalex.org/W2150675293","https://openalex.org/W2154550634","https://openalex.org/W2155723362","https://openalex.org/W2157466079","https://openalex.org/W2158205332","https://openalex.org/W2160210493","https://openalex.org/W2293829838","https://openalex.org/W2336957217","https://openalex.org/W2514997904","https://openalex.org/W2552457254","https://openalex.org/W2567299338","https://openalex.org/W2618920936","https://openalex.org/W2736316868","https://openalex.org/W2750770261","https://openalex.org/W2782434590","https://openalex.org/W2890706116","https://openalex.org/W2940645969","https://openalex.org/W2947767975","https://openalex.org/W2974044053","https://openalex.org/W4233352535","https://openalex.org/W4233798822"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Near":[0],"zero-energy":[1,207,237],"computing":[2],"describes":[3],"the":[4,11,33,38,49,64,74,111,129,210,233],"concept":[5,228],"of":[6,113,121,185,213,227,235],"executing":[7],"logic":[8],"operations":[9],"below":[10],"(":[12,65],"k":[13,66],"B":[14,67],"T":[15,68],"ln":[16,69],"2)":[17,70],"energy":[18,51,71,99,187],"limit.":[19,109],"Landauer":[20],"discussed":[21],"that":[22,173,198],"it":[23],"is":[24,60,117,146,188,200,221],"impossible":[25],"to":[26,137],"break":[27],"this":[28,108,161,165],"limit":[29,72],"as":[30,32,225],"long":[31],"computations":[34,46,95],"are":[35,103,134,158],"performed":[36],"in":[37,57,79,126,132,139,177,190],"conventional,":[39],"non-reversible":[40],"way.":[41],"But":[42,123],"even":[43],"if":[44],"reversible":[45,82,114,144,218],"were":[47],"performed,":[48],"basic":[50],"needed":[52],"for":[53,94,106,205,229],"operating":[54],"circuits":[55,75,116,131,231],"realized":[56],"conventional":[58],"technologies":[59],"still":[61],"far":[62],"above":[63],"(i.e.,":[73],"do":[76],"not":[77],"operate":[78,138],"a":[80,140,178,182,202,214],"physically":[81,143,217],"manner).":[83],"In":[84,160],"contrast,":[85],"novel":[86],"nanotechnologies":[87],"like":[88],"Quantum-dot":[89],"Cellular":[90],"Automata":[91],"(QCA)":[92],"allow":[93],"with":[96,232],"very":[97],"low":[98],"dissipation":[100],"and":[101,128,142,216],"hence":[102],"promising":[104],"candidates":[105],"breaking":[107],"Accordingly,":[110],"design":[112,212],"QCA":[115,125,191,199],"an":[118,169],"active":[119],"field":[120],"research.":[122],"whether":[124],"general":[127],"proposed":[130],"particular":[133],"indeed":[135,201],"able":[136],"logically":[141,215],"fashion":[145],"unknown":[147],"thus":[148],"far,":[149],"because":[150],"neither":[151],"physical":[152],"realizations":[153],"nor":[154],"appropriate":[155],"simulation":[156],"approaches":[157],"available.":[159],"work,":[162],"we":[163],"address":[164],"gap":[166],"by":[167],"utilizing":[168],"established":[170],"theoretical":[171],"model":[172],"has":[174],"been":[175],"implemented":[176],"physics":[179],"simulator":[180],"enabling":[181],"precise":[183],"consideration":[184],"how":[186],"dissipated":[189],"designs.":[192],"Our":[193],"results":[194],"provide":[195],"strong":[196],"evidence":[197],"suitable":[203],"technology":[204],"near":[206,236],"computing.":[208,238],"Further,":[209],"first":[211],"adder":[219],"circuit":[220],"presented,":[222],"which":[223],"serves":[224],"proof":[226],"future":[230],"ability":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-05T07:39:15.569665","created_date":"2018-11-16T00:00:00"}