{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2989990851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3359789.3359797","title":"VPS","display_name":"VPS","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2989990851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3359789.3359797","mag":"2989990851"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3359789.3359797","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3359789.3359797","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 35th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://research.vu.nl/ws/files/121361473/VPS_Excavating_highlevel_C_constructs_from_lowlevel_binaries_to_protect_dynamic_dispatching.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028031704","display_name":"Andre Pawlowski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andre Pawlowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004487846","display_name":"Victor van der Veen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/008xxew50","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor van der Veen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009305206","display_name":"Dennis Andriesse","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/008xxew50","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis Andriesse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084448782","display_name":"Erik van der Kouwe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0312-9913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","display_name":"Leiden University","ror":"https://ror.org/027bh9e22","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik van der Kouwe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leiden University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leiden University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056790702","display_name":"Thorsten Holz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2783-1264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thorsten Holz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083941826","display_name":"Cristiano Giuffrida","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8329-5929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/008xxew50","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cristiano Giuffrida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029566823","display_name":"Herbert Bos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6179-1510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/008xxew50","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Herbert Bos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2824,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66933331,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"97","last_page":"112"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7342066764831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inheritance","display_name":"Inheritance (genetic algorithm)","score":0.5660567283630371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.48820215463638306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attack-surface","display_name":"Attack surface","score":0.4851456582546234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4766584038734436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4477081298828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.35729002952575684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.33879050612449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.08783704042434692}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7342066764831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780902518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6033780","display_name":"Inheritance (genetic algorithm)","level":3,"score":0.5660567283630371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.48820215463638306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776576444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q303569","display_name":"Attack surface","level":2,"score":0.4851456582546234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4766584038734436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4477081298828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.35729002952575684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.33879050612449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.08783704042434692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3359789.3359797","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3359789.3359797","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 35th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.vu.nl:publications/721872bb-727a-4ee8-91e4-86f09774e91b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/721872bb-727a-4ee8-91e4-86f09774e91b","pdf_url":"https://research.vu.nl/ws/files/121361473/VPS_Excavating_highlevel_C_constructs_from_lowlevel_binaries_to_protect_dynamic_dispatching.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401107","display_name":"VU Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pawlowski, A, van der Veen, V, Andriesse, D, van der Kouwe, E, Holz, T, Giuffrida, C & Bos, H 2019, VPS: Excavating high-level C++ constructs from low-level binaries to protect dynamic dispatching. in ACSAC '19 : Proceedings of the 35th Annual Computer Security Applications ConferenceDecember 2019. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 97-112, 35th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference, ACSAC 2019, San Juan, United States, 9/12/19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3359789.3359797","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.vu.nl:openaire_cris_publications/721872bb-727a-4ee8-91e4-86f09774e91b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1871.1/721872bb-727a-4ee8-91e4-86f09774e91b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401107","display_name":"VU Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pawlowski, A, van der Veen, V, Andriesse, D, van der Kouwe, E, Holz, T, Giuffrida, C & Bos, H 2019, VPS: Excavating high-level C++ constructs from low-level binaries to protect dynamic dispatching. in ACSAC '19 : Proceedings of the 35th Annual Computer Security Applications ConferenceDecember 2019. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 97-112, 35th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference, ACSAC 2019, San Juan, United States, 9/12/19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3359789.3359797","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:research.vu.nl:publications/721872bb-727a-4ee8-91e4-86f09774e91b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/721872bb-727a-4ee8-91e4-86f09774e91b","pdf_url":"https://research.vu.nl/ws/files/121361473/VPS_Excavating_highlevel_C_constructs_from_lowlevel_binaries_to_protect_dynamic_dispatching.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401107","display_name":"VU Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pawlowski, A, van der Veen, V, Andriesse, D, van der Kouwe, E, Holz, T, Giuffrida, C & Bos, H 2019, VPS: Excavating high-level C++ constructs from low-level binaries to protect dynamic dispatching. in ACSAC '19 : Proceedings of the 35th Annual Computer Security Applications ConferenceDecember 2019. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 97-112, 35th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference, ACSAC 2019, San Juan, United States, 9/12/19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3359789.3359797","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3461572826","display_name":"A Common Code Base and Toolkit for  Deployment of Applications to Secure and Reliable Virtual Execution Environments","funder_award_id":"825377","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4504108201","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-17-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5717916917","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"39078197","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6702378207","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-17-1-2782","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G743705257","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-17-S-B010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7788277423","display_name":"REactively Defending against Advanced Cybersecurity Threats","funder_award_id":"786669","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8876996369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315885","display_name":"Australian Government","ror":"https://ror.org/0314h5y94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338352","display_name":"FP7 Ideas: European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2989990851.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1538332098","https://openalex.org/W1748464847","https://openalex.org/W1982205631","https://openalex.org/W2001978806","https://openalex.org/W2006790656","https://openalex.org/W2022413220","https://openalex.org/W2111760587","https://openalex.org/W2144981449","https://openalex.org/W2295367909","https://openalex.org/W2560817611","https://openalex.org/W2578771209","https://openalex.org/W2579099470","https://openalex.org/W2584744348","https://openalex.org/W2599530178","https://openalex.org/W2605597658","https://openalex.org/W2766313665","https://openalex.org/W4239813889","https://openalex.org/W4298112463","https://openalex.org/W4299301436"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386928530","https://openalex.org/W2912461320","https://openalex.org/W4210442184","https://openalex.org/W2921828092","https://openalex.org/W2373906875","https://openalex.org/W3123296078","https://openalex.org/W3117208807","https://openalex.org/W4386351005","https://openalex.org/W2144527617","https://openalex.org/W2588479842"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Polymorphism":[0],"and":[1,35],"inheritance":[2],"make":[3],"C++":[4,49],"suitable":[5],"for":[6,48],"writing":[7],"complex":[8],"software,":[9],"but":[10],"significantly":[11],"increase":[12],"the":[13,17,43],"attack":[14,46],"surface":[15],"because":[16],"implementation":[18],"relies":[19],"on":[20],"virtual":[21],"function":[22,28],"tables":[23],"(vtables).":[24],"These":[25],"vtables":[26],"contain":[27],"pointers":[29],"that":[30],"attackers":[31],"can":[32],"potentially":[33],"hijack":[34],"in":[36],"practice,":[37],"vtable":[38],"hijacking":[39],"is":[40],"one":[41],"of":[42],"most":[44],"important":[45],"vector":[47],"binaries.":[50]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-13T07:31:44.756512","created_date":"2019-12-05T00:00:00"}