{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2972672346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3357767.3357769","title":"Sigma shift keying (SSK)","display_name":"Sigma shift keying (SSK)","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2972672346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3357767.3357769","mag":"2972672346"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3357767.3357769","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3357767.3357769","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Telecommunications and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012093419","display_name":"Martin Kramer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206895457","display_name":"University of Siegen","ror":"https://ror.org/02azyry73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206895457"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Kramer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Siegen, Hoelderlinstrasse, Siegen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Siegen, Hoelderlinstrasse, Siegen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206895457"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083065617","display_name":"Leon Reinschmidt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206895457","display_name":"University of Siegen","ror":"https://ror.org/02azyry73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206895457"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leon Reinschmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Siegen, Hoelderlinstrasse, Siegen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Siegen, Hoelderlinstrasse, Siegen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206895457"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08705375,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"13","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demodulation","display_name":"Demodulation","score":0.9033600091934204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.6856942176818848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keying","display_name":"Keying","score":0.6775382161140442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.544309675693512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.5323144793510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5181295275688171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5146759152412415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sigma","display_name":"Sigma","score":0.5130063891410828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4877110421657562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-noise","display_name":"Gaussian noise","score":0.44964656233787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/on-off-keying","display_name":"On-off keying","score":0.4307267367839813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.42984533309936523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4238136112689972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.413131445646286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.3611631989479065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3263964056968689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.271062433719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.23918479681015015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22751492261886597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.20246028900146484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11060822010040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.10012838244438171}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195251586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185939","display_name":"Demodulation","level":3,"score":0.9033600091934204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.6856942176818848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398306","display_name":"Keying","level":2,"score":0.6775382161140442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.544309675693512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.5323144793510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5181295275688171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5146759152412415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778049214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512234","display_name":"Sigma","level":2,"score":0.5130063891410828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4877110421657562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4199805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725903","display_name":"Gaussian noise","level":2,"score":0.44964656233787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170030856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136128","display_name":"On-off keying","level":5,"score":0.4307267367839813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.42984533309936523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4238136112689972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.413131445646286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.3611631989479065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3263964056968689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.271062433719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23918479681015015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22751492261886597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.20246028900146484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11060822010040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.10012838244438171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3357767.3357769","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3357767.3357769","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Telecommunications and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062328787","https://openalex.org/W2766968543","https://openalex.org/W2770316404","https://openalex.org/W2989832970","https://openalex.org/W4205447762"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2039294713","https://openalex.org/W1514452861","https://openalex.org/W2349360399","https://openalex.org/W2284018709","https://openalex.org/W2731019566","https://openalex.org/W1489774986","https://openalex.org/W2004825331","https://openalex.org/W3015088299","https://openalex.org/W2021626711","https://openalex.org/W2410347094"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,13,39,63,106],"field-programmable":[4],"gate":[5],"array":[6],"(FPGA)":[7],"implementation":[8],"will":[9],"be":[10],"presented":[11],"of":[12,24,35,38,51,57,62,81,96,108,119],"Sigma":[14],"Shift":[15],"Keying":[16],"(SSK)":[17],"demodulator":[18],"with":[19],"optimized":[20],"detector.":[21],"Standard":[22],"deviations":[23],"zero":[25],"mean":[26],"Gaussian":[27],"noise":[28],"signals":[29],"are":[30,54,91],"being":[31],"digitally":[32],"modulated":[33],"instead":[34],"shift":[36],"keying":[37],"sinusoidal":[40],"carrier":[41],"signal.":[42],"Minimal":[43],"transmit":[44],"power":[45],"output":[46],"and":[47,76,105],"very":[48],"low":[49],"probability":[50],"intercept":[52],"(POI)":[53],"the":[55,68,82,94,97,116,120],"advantages":[56],"SSK.":[58],"Demodulation":[59],"by":[60],"means":[61],"stand-alone":[64],"FPGA":[65],"system":[66,84,103],"is":[67],"final":[69],"step":[70],"following":[71],"our":[72,86],"comprehensive":[73],"theoretical":[74],"analyses":[75],"simulations.":[77],"These":[78],"practical":[79],"tests":[80],"real-time":[83],"complete":[85],"research":[87],"activities.":[88],"Theoretical":[89],"guidelines":[90],"derived":[92],"for":[93],"calculation":[95],"optimal":[98],"decision":[99],"thresholds.":[100],"An":[101],"overall":[102],"test":[104],"comparison":[107],"bit":[109],"error":[110],"rate":[111],"(BER)":[112],"curves":[113],"both":[114],"demonstrate":[115],"successful":[117],"operation":[118],"SSK":[121],"modem.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
