{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2983745280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3357384.3358033","title":"Learning to Answer Complex Questions over Knowledge Bases with Query Composition","display_name":"Learning to Answer Complex Questions over Knowledge Bases with Query Composition","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2983745280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3357384.3358033","mag":"2983745280"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3357384.3358033","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3357384.3358033","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040092252","display_name":"Nikita Bhutani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikita Bhutani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101716784","display_name":"Xinyi Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9152-578X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyi Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087012731","display_name":"H. V. Jagadish","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H V Jagadish","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9411,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97496076,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"739","last_page":"748"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8330227732658386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.7526742219924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schema","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","score":0.6866461038589478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-base","display_name":"Knowledge base","score":0.5578064918518066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-language","display_name":"Query language","score":0.5515838861465454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.48115646839141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.465501606464386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4302677512168884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.42960041761398315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.41919976472854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.4115997552871704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2948421239852905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.1890822947025299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.15841498970985413}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8330227732658386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.7526742219924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52146309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431116","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","level":2,"score":0.6866461038589478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.5578064918518066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192028432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845739","display_name":"Query language","level":2,"score":0.5515838861465454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.48115646839141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.465501606464386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4302677512168884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.42960041761398315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.41919976472854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.4115997552871704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2948421239852905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.1890822947025299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.15841498970985413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3357384.3358033","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3357384.3358033","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1544827683","https://openalex.org/W1801721664","https://openalex.org/W1902237438","https://openalex.org/W1980095184","https://openalex.org/W1981419611","https://openalex.org/W2011992920","https://openalex.org/W2094728533","https://openalex.org/W2122865749","https://openalex.org/W2148721079","https://openalex.org/W2151149636","https://openalex.org/W2250225488","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2251079237","https://openalex.org/W2252136820","https://openalex.org/W2252231772","https://openalex.org/W2269738476","https://openalex.org/W2511149293","https://openalex.org/W2573462507","https://openalex.org/W2584356431","https://openalex.org/W2591368218","https://openalex.org/W2612228435","https://openalex.org/W2757344526","https://openalex.org/W2766317792","https://openalex.org/W2769099080","https://openalex.org/W2889276770","https://openalex.org/W2891420675","https://openalex.org/W2962886429","https://openalex.org/W2964120615","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964212344","https://openalex.org/W3099235767"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3134247745","https://openalex.org/W4226243593","https://openalex.org/W3172691639","https://openalex.org/W2963582704","https://openalex.org/W3157284875","https://openalex.org/W2259406085","https://openalex.org/W2099715052","https://openalex.org/W2147241511","https://openalex.org/W4226247999","https://openalex.org/W4213176082"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"years":[1],"have":[2],"seen":[3],"a":[4,27,52,81,90,100,107],"surge":[5],"of":[6,48,102],"knowledge-based":[7],"question":[8],"answering":[9],"(KB-QA)":[10],"systems":[11,139],"which":[12,85,111],"provide":[13],"crisp":[14],"answers":[15,86],"to":[16,22,114],"user-issued":[17],"questions":[18,59,73,88,142],"by":[19],"translating":[20],"them":[21],"precise":[23],"structured":[24],"queries":[25,117],"over":[26],"knowledge":[28],"base":[29],"(KB).":[30],"A":[31],"major":[32],"challenge":[33],"in":[34,66],"KB-QA":[35,82,138],"is":[36,112],"bridging":[37],"the":[38,45,49,67,126],"gap":[39],"between":[40],"natural":[41],"language":[42],"expressions":[43],"and":[44,69],"complex":[46,72,87,96,129,141],"schema":[47],"KB.":[50],"As":[51],"result,":[53],"existing":[54,137],"methods":[55],"focus":[56],"on":[57,140,147],"simple":[58,103,116,148],"answerable":[60],"with":[61,71],"one":[62],"main":[63],"relation":[64],"path":[65],"KB":[68],"struggle":[70],"that":[74],"require":[75],"joining":[76],"multiple":[77],"relations.":[78],"We":[79],"propose":[80],"system,":[83],"TextRay,":[84],"using":[89,99,118],"novel":[91],"decompose-execute-join":[92],"approach.":[93],"It":[94,105],"constructs":[95],"query":[97,130],"patterns":[98],"set":[101],"queries.":[104],"uses":[106],"semantic":[108],"matching":[109],"model":[110],"able":[113],"learn":[115],"implicit":[119],"supervision":[120],"from":[121],"question-answer":[122],"pairs,":[123],"thus":[124],"eliminating":[125],"need":[127],"for":[128],"patterns.":[131],"Our":[132],"proposed":[133],"system":[134],"significantly":[135],"outperforms":[136],"while":[143],"achieving":[144],"comparable":[145],"results":[146],"questions.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}