{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2983965928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3357384.3357885","title":"Hierarchical Multi-label Text Classification","display_name":"Hierarchical Multi-label Text Classification","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2983965928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3357384.3357885","mag":"2983965928"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3357384.3357885","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3357384.3357885","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101399361","display_name":"Wei Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4817-8858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048237545","display_name":"Enhong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4835-4102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enhong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100453156","display_name":"Qi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6956-5550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100707062","display_name":"Yuying Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4954-8192"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuying Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China & Ant Financial Services Group,, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China & Ant Financial Services Group,, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012523171","display_name":"Zai Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zai Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100355781","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0678-6708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079260216","display_name":"Zhou Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6121-0384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100456041","display_name":"Dan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7295-4837"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["iFLYTEK Research, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"iFLYTEK Research, Hefei, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069365665","display_name":"Shijin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4788-0530"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shijin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["iFLYTEK Research, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"iFLYTEK Research, Hefei, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.7634,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":140,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97970021,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1051","last_page":"1060"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7520025968551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-database-model","display_name":"Hierarchical database model","score":0.6369293332099915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-organization","display_name":"Hierarchical organization","score":0.6251426935195923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5897486805915833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5664616823196411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.512752890586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.48481908440589905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-clustering","display_name":"Hierarchical clustering","score":0.4828560948371887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-control-system","display_name":"Hierarchical control system","score":0.4511486887931824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.42307740449905396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3394206166267395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3247818648815155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.30822116136550903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.12372267246246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.10078874230384827}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7520025968551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144986985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q871236","display_name":"Hierarchical database model","level":2,"score":0.6369293332099915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780217385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2389284","display_name":"Hierarchical organization","level":2,"score":0.6251426935195923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5897486805915833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5664616823196411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.512752890586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.48481908440589905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92835128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277447","display_name":"Hierarchical clustering","level":3,"score":0.4828560948371887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124527596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17029359","display_name":"Hierarchical control system","level":3,"score":0.4511486887931824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.42307740449905396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3394206166267395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3247818648815155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.30822116136550903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.12372267246246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.10078874230384827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3357384.3357885","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3357384.3357885","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95416943","https://openalex.org/W1490308602","https://openalex.org/W1491576965","https://openalex.org/W1594868493","https://openalex.org/W1751470192","https://openalex.org/W1967542092","https://openalex.org/W1969954882","https://openalex.org/W1975719446","https://openalex.org/W1976526581","https://openalex.org/W2008031590","https://openalex.org/W2008835805","https://openalex.org/W2014566476","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2084319893","https://openalex.org/W2085715652","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2105573333","https://openalex.org/W2120870876","https://openalex.org/W2121526711","https://openalex.org/W2127723919","https://openalex.org/W2132826100","https://openalex.org/W2135140174","https://openalex.org/W2135569230","https://openalex.org/W2150766729","https://openalex.org/W2163776610","https://openalex.org/W2169863116","https://openalex.org/W2245278854","https://openalex.org/W2271840356","https://openalex.org/W2520368209","https://openalex.org/W2563104793","https://openalex.org/W2604272474","https://openalex.org/W2605073321","https://openalex.org/W2767860539","https://openalex.org/W2803270043","https://openalex.org/W2809660921","https://openalex.org/W2905072567","https://openalex.org/W2950133940","https://openalex.org/W3003395710","https://openalex.org/W4299828299"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2615268635","https://openalex.org/W2077012825","https://openalex.org/W2500657027","https://openalex.org/W4206392734","https://openalex.org/W2029995442","https://openalex.org/W4223969286","https://openalex.org/W2996014667","https://openalex.org/W4206127979","https://openalex.org/W3037213697","https://openalex.org/W3112648027"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hierarchical":[0,103],"multi-label":[1,69],"text":[2],"classification":[3,70],"(HMTC)":[4],"is":[5,174,193],"a":[6,26,34,65,99,132,166,170,189],"fundamental":[7],"but":[8],"challenging":[9],"task":[10,49],"of":[11,33,43,67,87,140,161,195,199,225],"numerous":[12],"applications":[13],"(e.g.,":[14],"patent":[15],"annotation),":[16],"where":[17],"documents":[18,111],"are":[19],"assigned":[20],"to":[21,37,52,154,176],"multiple":[22],"categories":[23,57,116,198,205],"stored":[24],"in":[25,94,165,206],"hierarchical":[27,79,89,125,144,150,163,171,184,209],"structure.":[28,90,127,145,185],"Categories":[29],"at":[30],"different":[31,85,159],"levels":[32,86,160],"document":[35],"tend":[36],"have":[38],"dependencies.":[39],"However,":[40],"the":[41,47,61,73,78,82,88,113,124,138,143,156,162,178,183,197,207,220],"majority":[42],"prior":[44],"studies":[45],"for":[46,109,136],"HMTC":[48],"employ":[50],"classifiers":[51],"either":[53],"deal":[54],"with":[55],"all":[56,204],"simultaneously":[58],"or":[59],"decompose":[60],"original":[62],"problem":[63],"into":[64,112],"set":[66],"flat":[68],"subproblems,":[71],"ignoring":[72],"associations":[74,179],"between":[75,180],"texts":[76,122,141,181],"and":[77,81,123,142,182,222],"structure":[80,164,210],"dependencies":[83,157],"among":[84,158],"To":[91],"that":[92],"end,":[93],"this":[95],"paper,":[96],"we":[97,129,147,187],"propose":[98],"novel":[100],"framework":[101],"called":[102],"Attention-based":[104],"Recurrent":[105],"Neural":[106],"Network":[107],"(HARNN)":[108],"classifying":[110,203],"most":[114],"relevant":[115],"level":[117,119,201],"by":[118],"via":[120],"integrating":[121],"category":[126],"Specifically,":[128],"first":[130],"apply":[131],"documentation":[133],"representing":[134],"layer":[135,153],"obtaining":[137],"representation":[139],"Then,":[146],"develop":[148],"an":[149],"attention-based":[151],"recurrent":[152],"model":[155],"top-down":[167],"fashion.":[168],"Here,":[169],"attention":[172],"strategy":[173],"proposed":[175],"capture":[177],"Finally,":[186],"design":[188],"hybrid":[190],"method":[191],"which":[192],"capable":[194],"predicting":[196],"each":[200],"while":[202],"entire":[208],"precisely.":[211],"Extensive":[212],"experimental":[213],"results":[214],"on":[215],"two":[216],"real-world":[217],"datasets":[218],"demonstrate":[219],"effectiveness":[221],"explanatory":[223],"power":[224],"HARNN.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}