{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2980978493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3355369.3355603","title":"A Longitudinal Analysis of the ads.txt Standard","display_name":"A Longitudinal Analysis of the ads.txt Standard","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2980978493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3355369.3355603","mag":"2980978493"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3355369.3355603","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3355369.3355603","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3355369.3355603","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Internet Measurement Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3355369.3355603","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090079490","display_name":"Muhammad Ahmad Bashir","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ahmad Bashir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013179900","display_name":"Sajjad Arshad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5311-451X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sajjad Arshad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077875821","display_name":"Engin Kirda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9988-6873"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Engin Kirda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085358980","display_name":"William Robertson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6968-0273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Robertson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072703507","display_name":"Christo Wilson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5268-004X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christo Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8159,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95145012,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"294","last_page":"307"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12335","display_name":"Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology","score":0.9840999841690063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bidding","display_name":"Bidding","score":0.730121374130249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-value-auction","display_name":"Common value auction","score":0.6990054845809937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.6441081762313843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising","display_name":"Advertising","score":0.642551839351654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.6280485391616821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/purchasing","display_name":"Purchasing","score":0.6189435124397278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterfeit","display_name":"Counterfeit","score":0.5831606984138489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5250372886657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5213024020195007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-advertising","display_name":"Online advertising","score":0.499176025390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-bidding","display_name":"Real-time bidding","score":0.49118539690971375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-advertising","display_name":"Digital advertising","score":0.4275360703468323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/display-advertising","display_name":"Display advertising","score":0.4202733337879181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.38994166254997253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3888392150402069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1980210244655609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.1979065239429474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.17711785435676575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.10615569353103638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.08743786811828613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07716056704521179}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9233905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276328","display_name":"Bidding","level":2,"score":0.730121374130249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163239763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5153637","display_name":"Common value auction","level":2,"score":0.6990054845809937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.6441081762313843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.642551839351654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.6280485391616821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778813691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369832","display_name":"Purchasing","level":2,"score":0.6189435124397278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779356469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502918","display_name":"Counterfeit","level":2,"score":0.5831606984138489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5250372886657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5213024020195007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512338625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624902","display_name":"Online advertising","level":3,"score":0.499176025390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1525070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2134714","display_name":"Real-time bidding","level":3,"score":0.49118539690971375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994201839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624902","display_name":"Digital advertising","level":4,"score":0.4275360703468323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777999536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2399498","display_name":"Display advertising","level":4,"score":0.4202733337879181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.38994166254997253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3888392150402069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1980210244655609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.1979065239429474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.17711785435676575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.10615569353103638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.08743786811828613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07716056704521179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3355369.3355603","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3355369.3355603","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3355369.3355603","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Internet Measurement Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3355369.3355603","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3355369.3355603","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3355369.3355603","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Internet Measurement Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3335104637","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-1553088","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3384511692","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-1553088, CNS-1703454","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4214760960","display_name":"CAREER: Towards Methodologies and Tools for Conducting Algorithm Audits","funder_award_id":"1553088","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4228632944","display_name":"SaTC: CORE: Medium: Collaborative: Taming Web Content Through Automated Reduction in Browser Functionality","funder_award_id":"1703454","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2980978493.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2980978493.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W91931328","https://openalex.org/W845431725","https://openalex.org/W1480813933","https://openalex.org/W1648303880","https://openalex.org/W1972524097","https://openalex.org/W2001363652","https://openalex.org/W2012286502","https://openalex.org/W2021375049","https://openalex.org/W2025827699","https://openalex.org/W2065055142","https://openalex.org/W2071207814","https://openalex.org/W2073347453","https://openalex.org/W2076328095","https://openalex.org/W2080091103","https://openalex.org/W2080330461","https://openalex.org/W2085955149","https://openalex.org/W2097470225","https://openalex.org/W2099194763","https://openalex.org/W2099937944","https://openalex.org/W2112623149","https://openalex.org/W2123539383","https://openalex.org/W2144093215","https://openalex.org/W2155841152","https://openalex.org/W2159548212","https://openalex.org/W2159764755","https://openalex.org/W2165613200","https://openalex.org/W2207476906","https://openalex.org/W2339675877","https://openalex.org/W2388964330","https://openalex.org/W2489352404","https://openalex.org/W2535603283","https://openalex.org/W2591856348","https://openalex.org/W2614073125","https://openalex.org/W2616029431","https://openalex.org/W2784134919","https://openalex.org/W2793294490","https://openalex.org/W2795933317","https://openalex.org/W2806944993","https://openalex.org/W2888305260","https://openalex.org/W2889145385","https://openalex.org/W2897374465","https://openalex.org/W2902204202","https://openalex.org/W2904027722","https://openalex.org/W2921261235","https://openalex.org/W2946939925","https://openalex.org/W2953066369","https://openalex.org/W2962940036","https://openalex.org/W2963150549","https://openalex.org/W3104970816"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4306254152","https://openalex.org/W2149822245","https://openalex.org/W2740620324","https://openalex.org/W2770888277","https://openalex.org/W2997735675","https://openalex.org/W2530299800","https://openalex.org/W3105102328","https://openalex.org/W2037047546","https://openalex.org/W4288257515","https://openalex.org/W3158947737"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Programmatic":[0],"advertising":[1,21],"provides":[2],"digital":[3,74],"ad":[4,11,31,70,75],"buyers":[5,71],"with":[6],"the":[7,54,62],"convenience":[8],"of":[9,30],"purchasing":[10],"impressions":[12,42],"through":[13],"Real":[14],"Time":[15],"Bidding":[16],"(RTB)":[17],"auctions.":[18],"However,":[19],"programmatic":[20,85],"has":[22],"also":[23],"given":[24],"rise":[25],"to":[26,45,68,80],"a":[27],"novel":[28],"form":[29],"fraud":[32],"known":[33],"as":[34,77,79],"domain":[35,52],"spoofing,":[36,53],"in":[37,65,84],"which":[38],"attackers":[39],"sell":[40],"counterfeit":[41],"that":[43],"claim":[44],"be":[46],"from":[47],"high-value":[48],"publishers.":[49],"To":[50],"mitigate":[51],"Interactive":[55],"Advertising":[56],"Bureau":[57],"(IAB)":[58],"Tech":[59],"Lab":[60],"introduced":[61],"ads.txt":[63],"standard":[64],"May":[66],"2017":[67],"help":[69],"verify":[72],"authorized":[73],"sellers,":[76],"well":[78],"promote":[81],"overall":[82],"transparency":[83],"advertising.":[86]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
