{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2988112387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3355089.3356568","title":"Deep face normalization","display_name":"Deep face normalization","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2988112387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3355089.3356568","mag":"2988112387"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3355089.3356568","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3355089.3356568","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026964301","display_name":"Koki Nagano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6815-4864"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Koki Nagano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pinscreen"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pinscreen","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069012173","display_name":"Huiwen Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3626-6233"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huiwen Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pinscreen"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pinscreen","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101878595","display_name":"Zejian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6638-9384"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zejian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pinscreen"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pinscreen","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100599618","display_name":"Jaewoo Seo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8949-0020"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaewoo Seo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pinscreen"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pinscreen","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103814497","display_name":"Jun Xing","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mihoyo"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mihoyo","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000484166","display_name":"Liwen Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0257-5292"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liwen Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pinscreen"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pinscreen","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041626928","display_name":"Lingyu Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7278-4228"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingyu Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pinscreen"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pinscreen","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100348588","display_name":"Hao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4019-3420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087747","display_name":"Creative Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/001qkb777","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087747"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pinscreen, University of Southern California, USC Institute for Creative Technologies"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pinscreen, University of Southern California, USC Institute for Creative Technologies","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087747","https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026964301"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2269,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9076896,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"6","first_page":"1","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.8050774335861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7618263959884644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.6499128341674805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5872597098350525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5496028661727905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.5142404437065125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-appearance-model","display_name":"Active appearance model","score":0.4947802424430847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.4472726285457611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.4331502616405487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4277242124080658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.24502235651016235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.8050774335861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7618263959884644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.6499128341674805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5872597098350525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5496028661727905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.5142404437065125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83248878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q344000","display_name":"Active appearance model","level":3,"score":0.4947802424430847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.4472726285457611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4331502616405487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4277242124080658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.24502235651016235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3355089.3356568","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3355089.3356568","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W759139936","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1916406603","https://openalex.org/W1935685005","https://openalex.org/W1964981411","https://openalex.org/W1980331490","https://openalex.org/W2017107803","https://openalex.org/W2063718733","https://openalex.org/W2070604790","https://openalex.org/W2087681821","https://openalex.org/W2102069400","https://openalex.org/W2104587129","https://openalex.org/W2105649179","https://openalex.org/W2106395586","https://openalex.org/W2108428911","https://openalex.org/W2123921160","https://openalex.org/W2144143728","https://openalex.org/W2150283722","https://openalex.org/W2159528054","https://openalex.org/W2164307510","https://openalex.org/W2227411572","https://openalex.org/W2237250383","https://openalex.org/W2255781698","https://openalex.org/W2301937176","https://openalex.org/W2331128040","https://openalex.org/W2419829353","https://openalex.org/W2468014222","https://openalex.org/W2560535660","https://openalex.org/W2606533435","https://openalex.org/W2610460387","https://openalex.org/W2738763667","https://openalex.org/W2739489527","https://openalex.org/W2769375465","https://openalex.org/W2770534877","https://openalex.org/W2793172179","https://openalex.org/W2795397964","https://openalex.org/W2798575809","https://openalex.org/W2806833697","https://openalex.org/W2810993953","https://openalex.org/W2902266071","https://openalex.org/W2902566903","https://openalex.org/W2902836694","https://openalex.org/W2904367110","https://openalex.org/W2942551262","https://openalex.org/W2946023575","https://openalex.org/W2952018420","https://openalex.org/W2957317972","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2963460857","https://openalex.org/W2963767194","https://openalex.org/W2963800363","https://openalex.org/W2964094607","https://openalex.org/W2964304707","https://openalex.org/W2964337551","https://openalex.org/W2996395829","https://openalex.org/W2997095758","https://openalex.org/W2997324638","https://openalex.org/W3000731301","https://openalex.org/W3010001210","https://openalex.org/W3099206234","https://openalex.org/W3123889096","https://openalex.org/W4287703634","https://openalex.org/W4298426053","https://openalex.org/W6600106573","https://openalex.org/W6601052344"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2591697403","https://openalex.org/W2953716828","https://openalex.org/W2904857019","https://openalex.org/W2944728705","https://openalex.org/W3011538607","https://openalex.org/W2904022177","https://openalex.org/W2359348847","https://openalex.org/W4321441197","https://openalex.org/W3022236801","https://openalex.org/W2124641970"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"From":[0],"angling":[1],"smiles":[2],"to":[3,56,178,189,229],"duck":[4],"faces,":[5],"all":[6],"kinds":[7],"of":[8,33,84,183,208,217],"facial":[9,79,139,146,160,230],"expressions":[10,182],"can":[11,45,70,187,250],"be":[12,251],"seen":[13],"in":[14,212],"selfies,":[15],"portraits,":[16],"and":[17,28,35,61,65,81,137,232],"Internet":[18],"pictures.":[19],"These":[20],"photos":[21],"are":[22],"taken":[23],"from":[24,221,254],"various":[25],"camera":[26],"types,":[27],"under":[29],"a":[30,40,63,72,104,121,133,144,152,192,196,205],"vast":[31],"range":[32,207,220],"angles":[34],"lighting":[36,134],"conditions.":[37],"We":[38,92,162,200,238],"present":[39],"deep":[41,157],"learning":[42,177],"framework":[43,149],"that":[44,109,180,246],"fully":[46],"normalize":[47],"unconstrained":[48],"face":[49,129],"images,":[50],"i.e.,":[51],"remove":[52],"perspective":[53],"distortions,":[54],"relight":[55],"an":[57,112,242],"evenly":[58],"lit":[59],"environment,":[60],"predict":[62],"frontal":[64],"neutral":[66,198],"face.":[67,199],"Our":[68],"method":[69,219],"produce":[71],"high":[73],"resolution":[74],"image":[75,113],"while":[76],"preserving":[77],"important":[78],"details":[80],"the":[82,85,89,138,184,213,259],"likeness":[83],"subject,":[86],"along":[87],"with":[88,151],"original":[90],"background.":[91],"divide":[93],"this":[94],"ill-posed":[95],"problem":[96],"into":[97],"three":[98],"consecutive":[99],"normalization":[100,248],"steps,":[101],"each":[102],"using":[103,120,132,143],"different":[105,181],"generative":[106],"adversarial":[107],"network":[108,154],"acts":[110],"as":[111,170,172],"generator.":[114],"Perspective":[115],"distortion":[116],"removal":[117],"is":[118,130,141,261],"performed":[119],"dense":[122],"flow":[123],"field":[124],"predictor.":[125],"A":[126],"uniformly":[127],"illuminated":[128],"obtained":[131],"translation":[135],"network,":[136],"expression":[140,147],"neutralized":[142],"generalized":[145],"synthesis":[148],"combined":[150],"regression":[153],"based":[155],"on":[156,204],"features":[158],"for":[159,167,175,235],"recognition.":[161],"introduce":[163],"new":[164],"data":[165],"representations":[166],"conditional":[168],"inference,":[169],"well":[171],"training":[173],"methods":[174],"supervised":[176],"ensure":[179],"same":[185],"person":[186,260],"yield":[188],"not":[190,262],"only":[191],"plausible":[193],"but":[194],"also":[195,239],"similar":[197],"demonstrate":[201],"our":[202,218,247],"results":[203,249],"wide":[206],"challenging":[209],"images":[210],"collected":[211],"wild.":[214],"Key":[215],"applications":[216],"robust":[222],"image-based":[223],"3D":[224],"avatar":[225],"creation,":[226],"portrait":[227],"manipulation,":[228],"enhancement":[231],"reconstruction":[233],"tasks":[234],"crime":[236],"investigation.":[237],"found":[240],"through":[241],"extensive":[243],"user":[244],"study,":[245],"hardly":[252],"distinguished":[253],"ground":[255],"truth":[256],"ones":[257],"if":[258],"familiar.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
