{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3012653625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3352691","title":"Steganographer Detection via Multi-Scale Embedding Probability Estimation","display_name":"Steganographer Detection via Multi-Scale Embedding Probability Estimation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3012653625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3352691","mag":"3012653625"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3352691","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3352691","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19610489","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications","issn_l":"1551-6857","issn":["1551-6857","1551-6865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086801574","display_name":"Sheng-hua Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7524-5999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sheng-Hua Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084050995","display_name":"Yuantian Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuantian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084591510","display_name":"Tongwei Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3092-424X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tongwei Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005203552","display_name":"Mingjie Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5472-7035"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingjie Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100351175","display_name":"Yan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4242-4840"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101546753","display_name":"Gangshan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1391-1762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gangshan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086801574"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7086,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75953613,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography","display_name":"Steganography","score":0.8359342813491821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.7973061800003052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6990746855735779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganalysis","display_name":"Steganalysis","score":0.5690490007400513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5197238922119141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.507033109664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-hiding","display_name":"Information hiding","score":0.4973190128803253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.4732949137687683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.44098007678985596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4206291139125824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-distribution","display_name":"Probability distribution","score":0.4190405011177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3259030282497406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.32342100143432617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2010592222213745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.14456653594970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.0685967206954956}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108801101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032","display_name":"Steganography","level":3,"score":0.8359342813491821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.7973061800003052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6990746855735779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107368093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q448176","display_name":"Steganalysis","level":4,"score":0.5690490007400513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5197238922119141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.507033109664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3073032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15912075","display_name":"Information hiding","level":3,"score":0.4973190128803253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.4732949137687683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.44098007678985596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4206291139125824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.4190405011177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3259030282497406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.32342100143432617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2010592222213745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.14456653594970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0685967206954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3352691","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3352691","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19610489","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications","issn_l":"1551-6857","issn":["1551-6857","1551-6865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7900000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22271197","https://openalex.org/W95002200","https://openalex.org/W1596128322","https://openalex.org/W1963536592","https://openalex.org/W1965064373","https://openalex.org/W1965963232","https://openalex.org/W1986274507","https://openalex.org/W1996326832","https://openalex.org/W2009130368","https://openalex.org/W2015958747","https://openalex.org/W2036347516","https://openalex.org/W2036954216","https://openalex.org/W2041195352","https://openalex.org/W2052007184","https://openalex.org/W2055171457","https://openalex.org/W2059019537","https://openalex.org/W2085924571","https://openalex.org/W2087953725","https://openalex.org/W2100470808","https://openalex.org/W2125865219","https://openalex.org/W2135280214","https://openalex.org/W2154026545","https://openalex.org/W2170598445","https://openalex.org/W2192227561","https://openalex.org/W2193183414","https://openalex.org/W2277839806","https://openalex.org/W2322622188","https://openalex.org/W2339370745","https://openalex.org/W2538511122","https://openalex.org/W2542290803","https://openalex.org/W2569272946","https://openalex.org/W2583120745","https://openalex.org/W2587403786","https://openalex.org/W2588463901","https://openalex.org/W2591548576","https://openalex.org/W2621048556","https://openalex.org/W2623012778","https://openalex.org/W2725271592","https://openalex.org/W2727850327","https://openalex.org/W2739185626","https://openalex.org/W2740652190","https://openalex.org/W2744613561","https://openalex.org/W2751202750","https://openalex.org/W2752116773","https://openalex.org/W2753242963","https://openalex.org/W2768903435","https://openalex.org/W2802024536","https://openalex.org/W2804809630","https://openalex.org/W2807814438","https://openalex.org/W2888826997","https://openalex.org/W2890416589","https://openalex.org/W2914393402","https://openalex.org/W2963682422","https://openalex.org/W3098389804","https://openalex.org/W3119329791","https://openalex.org/W3127359347","https://openalex.org/W4234552385","https://openalex.org/W4254182148","https://openalex.org/W6784647857"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2126313030","https://openalex.org/W174759733","https://openalex.org/W2369195139","https://openalex.org/W2034643498","https://openalex.org/W2380734674","https://openalex.org/W2130868879","https://openalex.org/W2064060403","https://openalex.org/W35460090","https://openalex.org/W2352092917","https://openalex.org/W2945180126"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Steganographer":[0],"detection":[1,111,128],"aims":[2],"to":[3,12,94,141,172],"identify":[4],"the":[5,17,41,49,64,76,82,131,139,146,158,167,173],"guilty":[6,83,147],"user":[7,84,148],"who":[8],"utilizes":[9],"steganographic":[10,54,68,78],"methods":[11,55,175],"hide":[13],"secret":[14,46],"information":[15,47],"in":[16,48,73,88,176],"spread":[18],"of":[19,29,44],"multimedia":[20],"data,":[21,24],"especially":[22],"image":[23],"from":[25],"a":[26,107,125],"large":[27],"amount":[28],"innocent":[30],"users":[31],"on":[32],"social":[33],"networks.":[34],"A":[35],"true":[36],"embedding":[37,45,98,114,118],"probability":[38,42,99,115,119],"map":[39,134],"illustrates":[40],"distribution":[43],"corresponding":[50],"images":[51],"by":[52,81],"specific":[53],"and":[56,69,130,179],"settings,":[57],"which":[58],"has":[59],"been":[60],"successfully":[61],"used":[62],"as":[63,124],"guidance":[65],"for":[66],"content-adaptive":[67,109],"steganalytic":[70,143,160],"methods.":[71],"Unfortunately,":[72],"real-world":[74],"situation,":[75],"detailed":[77],"settings":[79],"adopted":[80],"cannot":[85],"be":[86],"known":[87],"advance.":[89],"It":[90],"thus":[91],"becomes":[92],"necessary":[93],"propose":[95,106],"an":[96,152],"automatic":[97],"estimation":[100,120],"method.":[101],"In":[102],"this":[103],"article,":[104],"we":[105],"novel":[108],"steganographer":[110],"method":[112,156,169],"via":[113,151],"estimation.":[116],"The":[117,162],"is":[121,135,149,170],"first":[122],"formulated":[123],"learning-based":[126],"saliency":[127],"problem":[129],"multi-scale":[132],"estimated":[133],"then":[136],"integrated":[137],"into":[138],"CNN":[140],"extract":[142],"features.":[144,161],"Finally,":[145],"detected":[150],"efficient":[153],"Gaussian":[154],"vote":[155],"with":[157],"extracted":[159],"experimental":[163],"results":[164],"prove":[165],"that":[166],"proposed":[168],"superior":[171],"state-of-the-art":[174],"both":[177],"spatial":[178],"frequency":[180],"domains.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
