{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2973158730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3351258","title":"Combating Replay Attacks Against Voice Assistants","display_name":"Combating Replay Attacks Against Voice Assistants","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2973158730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3351258","mag":"2973158730"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3351258","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3351258","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081792600","display_name":"Swadhin Pradhan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Swadhin Pradhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["UT Austin, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UT Austin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046339814","display_name":"Wei Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3424-9643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["UT Austin, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UT Austin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052898627","display_name":"Ghufran Baig","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghufran Baig","raw_affiliation_strings":["UT Austin, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UT Austin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032760128","display_name":"Lili Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1590-9749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lili Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["UT Austin, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UT Austin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1099,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96234,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8166089057922363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6347420811653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liveness","display_name":"Liveness","score":0.6107366681098938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5113215446472168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/echo","display_name":"Echo (communications protocol)","score":0.4813147783279419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.4808981418609619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4747386574745178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.46697378158569336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breathing","display_name":"Breathing","score":0.44265085458755493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.41008636355400085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.323691725730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17741024494171143}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8166089057922363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6347420811653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15569618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3561421","display_name":"Liveness","level":2,"score":0.6107366681098938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5113215446472168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779426996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18389128","display_name":"Echo (communications protocol)","level":2,"score":0.4813147783279419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.4808981418609619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4747386574745178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.46697378158569336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39300077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9530","display_name":"Breathing","level":2,"score":0.44265085458755493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.41008636355400085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.323691725730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17741024494171143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3351258","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3351258","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1599059629","https://openalex.org/W1606839594","https://openalex.org/W1637570796","https://openalex.org/W1909308924","https://openalex.org/W1971243715","https://openalex.org/W1977986674","https://openalex.org/W1983301216","https://openalex.org/W1992916604","https://openalex.org/W2038382700","https://openalex.org/W2039057510","https://openalex.org/W2057731362","https://openalex.org/W2065726711","https://openalex.org/W2085522395","https://openalex.org/W2089695767","https://openalex.org/W2103075368","https://openalex.org/W2112659417","https://openalex.org/W2123299109","https://openalex.org/W2137310491","https://openalex.org/W2137737117","https://openalex.org/W2157539922","https://openalex.org/W2167710683","https://openalex.org/W2172292165","https://openalex.org/W2341972007","https://openalex.org/W2345136132","https://openalex.org/W2405187948","https://openalex.org/W2510977315","https://openalex.org/W2525736155","https://openalex.org/W2536166232","https://openalex.org/W2554581053","https://openalex.org/W2575585029","https://openalex.org/W2585365199","https://openalex.org/W2588445447","https://openalex.org/W2606429533","https://openalex.org/W2610728795","https://openalex.org/W2624801495","https://openalex.org/W2625969058","https://openalex.org/W2735454016","https://openalex.org/W2745442703","https://openalex.org/W2745896134","https://openalex.org/W2747182415","https://openalex.org/W2747872086","https://openalex.org/W2751902866","https://openalex.org/W2764166175","https://openalex.org/W2765636281","https://openalex.org/W2766812927","https://openalex.org/W2771776337","https://openalex.org/W2773125336","https://openalex.org/W2776436598","https://openalex.org/W2787712888","https://openalex.org/W2795038031","https://openalex.org/W2809536883","https://openalex.org/W2890735031","https://openalex.org/W2890866322","https://openalex.org/W2897318954","https://openalex.org/W2910759480","https://openalex.org/W2941048526","https://openalex.org/W2941708730","https://openalex.org/W2942367762","https://openalex.org/W2996489182","https://openalex.org/W3105332166","https://openalex.org/W4235628085","https://openalex.org/W4240251357","https://openalex.org/W4240878705","https://openalex.org/W4244372703","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300824008"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1565271071","https://openalex.org/W2081199208","https://openalex.org/W3349016","https://openalex.org/W3160870209","https://openalex.org/W2494011163","https://openalex.org/W2053262709","https://openalex.org/W2139648957","https://openalex.org/W1481041875","https://openalex.org/W2391970076","https://openalex.org/W2360699417"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"there":[1],"has":[2,59],"been":[3],"a":[4,48,172],"surge":[5],"in":[6,89,125],"the":[7,67,71,75,105,159],"popularity":[8],"of":[9,74,107,121,143,174],"voice-first":[10],"devices,":[11],"such":[12,33],"as":[13,34],"Amazon":[14],"Echo,":[15],"Google":[16],"Home,":[17],"etc.":[18],"While":[19],"these":[20],"devices":[21],"make":[22],"our":[23,113,126],"life":[24],"more":[25],"convenient,":[26],"they":[27],"are":[28],"vulnerable":[29],"to":[30,42,50,103,146],"new":[31],"attacks,":[32],"voice":[35,79,114,154],"replay.":[36],"We":[37,149],"develop":[38],"an":[39],"end-to-end":[40],"system":[41,161],"detect":[43],"replay":[44],"attacks":[45],"without":[46],"requiring":[47],"user":[49],"wear":[51],"any":[52],"wearable":[53],"device.":[54],"Our":[55],"system,":[56],"called":[57],"REVOLT,":[58],"several":[60],"distinct":[61],"features:":[62],"(i)":[63],"it":[64,82,92],"intelligently":[65],"exploits":[66,83],"inherent":[68],"differences":[69],"between":[70],"spectral":[72],"characteristics":[73],"original":[76],"and":[77,86,123,128,132,153,157,166],"replayed":[78],"signals,":[80],"(ii)":[81],"both":[84],"acoustic":[85],"WiFi":[87,99,133,152],"channels":[88],"tandem,":[90],"(iii)":[91],"utilizes":[93],"unique":[94],"breathing":[95,135],"rate":[96],"extracted":[97],"from":[98],"signal":[100],"while":[101],"speaking":[102],"test":[104],"liveness":[106],"human":[108],"voice.":[109],"After":[110],"extensive":[111],"evaluation,":[112],"component":[115],"yields":[116],"Equal":[117],"Error":[118],"Rate":[119],"(EER)":[120],"0.88%":[122],"10.32%":[124],"dataset":[127],"ASV2017":[129],"dataset,":[130],"respectively;":[131],"based":[134,155],"detection":[136,156],"achieves":[137],"Breaths":[138],"Per":[139],"Minute":[140],"(BPM)":[141],"error":[142],"1.8":[144],"up":[145],"3m":[147],"distance.":[148],"further":[150],"combine":[151],"show":[158],"overall":[160],"offers":[162],"low":[163],"false":[164,167],"positive":[165],"negative":[168],"when":[169],"evaluated":[170],"against":[171],"range":[173],"attacks.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-17T09:13:05.818461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
