{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3013778941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3351095.3372878","title":"Fairness is not static","display_name":"Fairness is not static","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3013778941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3351095.3372878","mag":"3013778941"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3351095.3372878","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3351095.3372878","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3351095.3372878","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3351095.3372878","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060694111","display_name":"Alexander D\u2019Amour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7984-3366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexander D'Amour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066181313","display_name":"Hansa Srinivasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9252-7754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hansa Srinivasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071694779","display_name":"James Atwood","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Atwood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007389429","display_name":"Pallavi Baljekar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pallavi Baljekar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055928795","display_name":"D. Sculley","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Sculley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075357064","display_name":"Yoni Halpern","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7126-4558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoni Halpern","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060694111"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":28.7084,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":158,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99639918,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"525","last_page":"534"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9692000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8613978624343872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.635587215423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.615359902381897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5964069366455078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.5818549394607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5128384232521057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.471534788608551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extensibility","display_name":"Extensibility","score":0.46062415838241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4432104229927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36487656831741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.3430362939834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.328433096408844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.16841530799865723}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8613978624343872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.635587215423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.615359902381897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5964069366455078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.5818549394607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5128384232521057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.471534788608551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32833848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4115054","display_name":"Extensibility","level":2,"score":0.46062415838241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4432104229927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36487656831741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3430362939834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.328433096408844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.16841530799865723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3351095.3372878","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3351095.3372878","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3351095.3372878","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3351095.3372878","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3351095.3372878","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3351095.3372878","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3013778941.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3013778941.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W631741268","https://openalex.org/W1548082130","https://openalex.org/W1583837637","https://openalex.org/W1966912382","https://openalex.org/W2014352947","https://openalex.org/W2032986081","https://openalex.org/W2121863487","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2157928966","https://openalex.org/W2336416123","https://openalex.org/W2396394641","https://openalex.org/W2491265506","https://openalex.org/W2888078780","https://openalex.org/W2888421747","https://openalex.org/W2889169527","https://openalex.org/W2889252776","https://openalex.org/W2897154134","https://openalex.org/W2913525780","https://openalex.org/W2945776595","https://openalex.org/W3106076062","https://openalex.org/W3120740533","https://openalex.org/W4205515231","https://openalex.org/W4289751798","https://openalex.org/W4299955896"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1948607442","https://openalex.org/W4247766898","https://openalex.org/W2044615423","https://openalex.org/W2361584951","https://openalex.org/W31122515","https://openalex.org/W3004004161","https://openalex.org/W2365327041","https://openalex.org/W4244765761","https://openalex.org/W4225348249","https://openalex.org/W2466086502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"machine":[1],"learning":[2,135],"becomes":[3],"increasingly":[4],"incorporated":[5],"within":[6],"high":[7],"impact":[8],"decision":[9,24,121,169],"ecosystems,":[10],"there":[11],"is":[12,51],"a":[13,94,159],"growing":[14],"need":[15],"to":[16,32,58,146],"understand":[17],"the":[18,36,67,84,89,99,117,163],"long-term":[19,48,164],"behaviors":[20],"of":[21,38,91,101,108,119,130,162,166],"deployed":[22],"ML-based":[23,168],"systems":[25,40,110,140],"and":[26,128,183],"their":[27],"potential":[28],"consequences.":[29],"Most":[30],"approaches":[31],"understanding":[33],"or":[34,153],"improving":[35],"fairness":[37,100],"these":[39,139],"have":[41,112],"focused":[42],"on":[43],"static":[44,152],"settings":[45],"without":[46],"considering":[47],"dynamics.":[49],"This":[50],"understandable;":[52],"long":[53],"term":[54],"dynamics":[55],"are":[56,144],"hard":[57],"assess,":[59],"particularly":[60],"because":[61],"they":[62],"do":[63,156],"not":[64,157],"align":[65],"with":[66,138],"traditional":[68],"supervised":[69],"ML":[70],"research":[71],"framework":[72,177],"that":[73,111,151],"uses":[74],"fixed":[75],"data":[76],"sets.":[77],"To":[78],"address":[79],"this":[80],"structural":[81],"difficulty":[82],"in":[83,97,116,141],"field,":[85],"we":[86,143],"advocate":[87],"for":[88,123,178],"use":[90],"simulation":[92,181],"as":[93],"key":[95],"tool":[96],"studying":[98],"algorithms.":[102],"We":[103,171],"explore":[104],"three":[105],"toy":[106],"examples":[107],"dynamical":[109],"been":[113],"previously":[114],"studied":[115],"context":[118],"fair":[120],"making":[122],"bank":[124],"loans,":[125],"college":[126],"admissions,":[127],"allocation":[129],"attention.":[131],"By":[132],"analyzing":[133],"how":[134],"agents":[136],"interact":[137],"simulation,":[142],"able":[145],"extend":[147],"previous":[148],"work,":[149],"showing":[150],"single-step":[154],"analyses":[155],"give":[158],"complete":[160],"picture":[161],"consequences":[165],"an":[167,173],"system.":[170],"provide":[172],"extensible":[174],"open-source":[175],"software":[176],"implementing":[179],"fairness-focused":[180],"studies":[182],"further":[184],"reproducible":[185],"research,":[186],"available":[187],"at":[188],"https://github.com/google/ml-fairness-gym.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
