{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3013308250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3351095.3372855","title":"Doctor XAI","display_name":"Doctor XAI","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3013308250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3351095.3372855","mag":"3013308250"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3351095.3372855","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3351095.3372855","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3351095.3372855","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3351095.3372855","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021515262","display_name":"Cecilia Panigutti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6552-787X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157210198","display_name":"Scuola Normale Superiore","ror":"https://ror.org/03aydme10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157210198"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cecilia Panigutti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scuola Normale Superiore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scuola Normale Superiore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157210198"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050415063","display_name":"Alan Perotti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1690-6865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132770","display_name":"ISI Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03ebhsy64","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132770"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan Perotti","raw_affiliation_strings":["ISI foundation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ISI foundation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132770"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044898565","display_name":"Dino Pedreschi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4801-3225"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dino Pedreschi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pisa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pisa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.437,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":161,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99233223,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"629","last_page":"639"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8265238404273987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.6593297719955444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.5508419275283813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5314922332763672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.506231963634491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5036477446556091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5002915859222412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4614149332046509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.4349745512008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-knowledge","display_name":"Domain knowledge","score":0.4264034628868103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.391191303730011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.37768906354904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8265238404273987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.6593297719955444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.5508419275283813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5314922332763672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.506231963634491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5036477446556091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5002915859222412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4614149332046509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4349745512008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.4264034628868103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.391191303730011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37768906354904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3351095.3372855","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3351095.3372855","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3351095.3372855","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/1043526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3351095.3372855","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3351095.3372855","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3351095.3372855","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3351095.3372855","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4677437564","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"POR FESR 14/20 - Cod. 320 - 16","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326081","funder_display_name":"Regione Piemonte"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7063470901","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ERC-2018-ADG grant n. 834756 - XAI","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338352","funder_display_name":"FP7 Ideas: European Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318590","display_name":"Intesa Sanpaolo Innovation Center","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326081","display_name":"Regione Piemonte","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338352","display_name":"FP7 Ideas: European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3013308250.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3013308250.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W116902681","https://openalex.org/W1647671624","https://openalex.org/W1973825638","https://openalex.org/W1990652932","https://openalex.org/W1996796871","https://openalex.org/W2042954874","https://openalex.org/W2057630082","https://openalex.org/W2097159647","https://openalex.org/W2113142309","https://openalex.org/W2114315281","https://openalex.org/W2136480620","https://openalex.org/W2159583324","https://openalex.org/W2259469853","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2396881363","https://openalex.org/W2404901863","https://openalex.org/W2469314752","https://openalex.org/W2493311319","https://openalex.org/W2557074642","https://openalex.org/W2587084605","https://openalex.org/W2593994061","https://openalex.org/W2594475271","https://openalex.org/W2594685110","https://openalex.org/W2618851150","https://openalex.org/W2625625371","https://openalex.org/W2690721124","https://openalex.org/W2770363731","https://openalex.org/W2786715987","https://openalex.org/W2788403449","https://openalex.org/W2791915030","https://openalex.org/W2799796340","https://openalex.org/W2802629520","https://openalex.org/W2803532212","https://openalex.org/W2809396336","https://openalex.org/W2884555939","https://openalex.org/W2895763047","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2924551358","https://openalex.org/W2947817682","https://openalex.org/W2962772482","https://openalex.org/W2963271116","https://openalex.org/W2963403868","https://openalex.org/W2964308564","https://openalex.org/W2965994794","https://openalex.org/W2985962305","https://openalex.org/W3098949126","https://openalex.org/W3099136959","https://openalex.org/W3099547984","https://openalex.org/W4214671568"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3152382318","https://openalex.org/W2060401854","https://openalex.org/W3004686567","https://openalex.org/W2738656338","https://openalex.org/W3174876210","https://openalex.org/W2388458847","https://openalex.org/W2555400967","https://openalex.org/W3126697728","https://openalex.org/W3092560849","https://openalex.org/W2115872796"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Several":[0],"recent":[1],"advancements":[2],"in":[3,16,112,127,135],"Machine":[4],"Learning":[5],"involve":[6],"blackbox":[7],"models:":[8],"algorithms":[9],"that":[10],"do":[11],"not":[12],"provide":[13],"human-understandable":[14,45],"explanations":[15,46],"support":[17],"of":[18,29,34,109,142],"their":[19],"decisions.":[20],"This":[21],"limitation":[22],"hampers":[23],"the":[24,32,54,106,116,124,128,131,136,140,143],"fairness,":[25],"accountability":[26],"and":[27,68,130],"transparency":[28],"these":[30],"models;":[31],"field":[33],"eXplainable":[35],"Artificial":[36],"Intelligence":[37],"(XAI)":[38],"tries":[39],"to":[40,70,86,114],"solve":[41],"this":[42,75],"problem":[43],"providing":[44],"for":[47],"black-box":[48],"models.":[49],"However,":[50],"healthcare":[51],"datasets":[52],"(and":[53],"related":[55],"learning":[56],"tasks)":[57],"often":[58],"present":[59],"peculiar":[60],"features,":[61],"such":[62],"as":[63,104],"sequential":[64],"data,":[65],"multi-label":[66],"predictions,":[67],"links":[69],"structured":[71],"background":[72],"knowledge.":[73],"In":[74],"paper,":[76],"we":[77,120],"introduce":[78],"Doctor":[79,97],"XAI,":[80],"a":[81,99,110],"model-agnostic":[82],"explainability":[83],"technique":[84],"able":[85],"deal":[87],"with":[88],"multi-labeled,":[89],"sequential,":[90],"ontology-linked":[91],"data.":[92],"We":[93],"focus":[94],"on":[95],"explaining":[96],"AI,":[98],"multilabel":[100],"classifier":[101],"which":[102],"takes":[103],"input":[105],"clinical":[107],"history":[108],"patient":[111],"order":[113],"predict":[115],"next":[117],"visit.":[118],"Furthermore,":[119],"show":[121],"how":[122],"exploiting":[123],"temporal":[125],"dimension":[126],"data":[129],"domain":[132],"knowledge":[133],"encoded":[134],"medical":[137],"ontology":[138],"improves":[139],"quality":[141],"mined":[144],"explanations.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-16T09:24:06.705377","created_date":"2020-04-03T00:00:00"}